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时间:2019-08-05
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1、1.EarlyColonialLiterature.1607-17002.TheliteratureofReasonAndRevolution(18thcentury)The18th-centuryAmericanEnlightenmentwasamovementmarkedbyanemphasisonrationalityratherthantradition,scientificinquiryinsteadofunquestioningreligiousdogma,andrepresentativegovernmentinplaceofmonarchy.Enlighte
2、nmentthinkersandwritersweredevotedtotheidealsofjustice,liberty,andequalityasthenaturalrightsofman.3.AmericanRomanticismFeatures: 1)Fromtheendofthe18thcenturytotheoutbreakofheCivilWar.ItstartedwiththepublicationofWashingtonIrving’sTheSketchBookandendedwithWhitman’sLeavesofGrass.Itisalsocall
3、ed“theAmericanRenaissance”.2)ThedesireforanescapefromsocietyandareturntonaturebecameapermanentconventionofAmericanliterature.3) TheAmericanPuritanismasaculturalheritageexertedgreatinfluencesoverAmericanmoralvalues.4) Besides,apreoccupationwiththeCalvinisticviewoforiginalsinandthemysteryof
4、evilmarkedtheworksofHawthorne,Melvilleandahostoflesserwriters4)ThemostclearlydefinedRomanticliterarymovementinthisperiodisNewEnglandTranscendentalism5)ItrangesfromthecomicfablesofWashingtonIrvingtotheGothictalesofEdgarAllenPoe,fromthefrontieradventuresofJamesFenimoreCoopertothenarrativeque
5、stsofHermanMelville,fromthepsychologicalromancesofNathanielHawthornetothesocialrealismofRebeccaHarding.4.TheliteratureofRealism(1865-1918)1. Thisnewattitudewascharacterizedbyagreatinterestintherealitiesoflife.2.Interpretingsympatheticallythe“commonfeelingsofcommonplacepeople”wasbestsuiteda
6、satechniquetoexpressthespiritofAmerica.3.Theyintroducedindustrialworkersandfarmers,ambitiousbusinessmenandvagrants流浪者,prostitutes妓女andunheroic胆怯的soldiersasmajorcharactersinfiction.4.TheyapproachedtheharshrealitiesandpressuresinthepostCivilWarsocietyeitherbyacomprehensivepictureofmodernlife
7、,orbyapsychologicalexplorationofman'ssubconsciousness.5.Artistically,naturalisticwritingsareusuallyunpolishedinlanguage,lackinginacademicskillsandunwieldyinstructure.Philosophically,thenaturalistsbelievethattherealandtrueisalwayspartiallyhiddenfromtheeyesofthe
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