研英语究生下册完型+翻译

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1、UNIT1Therearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual'sintelligence.Thefirstisthesortofbrainheisborn.Humanbrainsdifferconsiderably,beingmorecapablethanothers.nomatterhowgoodabrainhehastobeginwith,anindividualwillhavealoworderofintelligencehehasopportunitiestolearn.Sothesecondfactoriswhathappenstothein

2、dividual—thesortofenvironmentinwhichheisbrought.Ifanindividualishandicapped,itislikelythathisbrainwilltodevelopandhewillneverattainthelevelofintelligenceofwhichheis.Theimportanceofenvironmentindetermininganindividual'sintelligencecanbebythecasehistoryoftheidenticaltwins,PeterandJohn.Whenthetwinswe

3、rethreemonthsold,theirparentsdied,andtheywereplacedinfosterhomes.PeterwasrearedbyparentsoflowintelligenceinanisolatedcommunitywithpooreducationalJohn,waseducatedinthehomeofwell-to-doparentswhohadbeentocollege.Thisenvironmentalcontinueduntilthetwinsweretheirlateteens,theyweregiventeststotheirintell

4、igence.John'sI.Q.was125,twenty-fivepointshigherthantheandfullyfortypointshigherthanhisidenticalbrother.有两个因素决定一个人的智力。首先是他出生时带的大脑排序。人类的大脑彼此之间有很大不同，有的有比别人多的能力。但不管他出生时有多好的大脑，个人将有底下的智力，除非他有学习的机会。因此第二个因素是在他长大的环境中发生了什么。如果一个人在环境方面有障碍，很可能他的大脑将无法发展，他将永远不会他能够达到的智力水平。同卵双胞胎彼得和约翰的历史可以环境对于确定一个人的智力的重要性。当这对双胞胎三个月

5、大，他们的父母去世了，他们被安置在不同的寄养家庭。彼得被饲养在一个孤立的社区并且教育机会少，低智商的父母家中。然而约翰，在生活富裕、上过大学的父母家中接受教育。这种环境差异继续到这对双胞胎十几岁时，当测试他们的智力时。约翰的I.Q.是125，高于平均二十五点，比他的兄弟高出整整四十分。UNIT2Recentstudiesofthehumanbrainhaveresultedinsomeinterestingdiscoveries.Scientistsbelievethatawaytoimprovethepowerofthebrainmaysoonbepossible.Scientistsh

6、avethatthebraincanmakeitsowndrugs.Thebraincontainsaproteinsubstancewhichcanactdirectlythebraintochangeaspectsofmentalactivity.Somemaychangeorimprove,forexample,intelligence,imagination,andgoodmemory.Chemicalsfoundinthebrainmessages.Inrecentyearsscientistshavefoundchemicalsthatmood,memoryandotherha

7、ppeningsofthe.About25havebeenfoundfar.Todaytheroleofandproteinsubstanceinhumanbehaviouriscreatingmuchinterest.Researchseemstoshowthattheymayhelpinsomnia,pain,andmentalillness.Theyhaveagreatcapacitytothebraintocon