商务英语复习题12

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1、169)Differentiatebetweenfixedcostsandvariablecosts.Answer:Fixedcostsremainconstantwithvaryinglevelsofproductionorsales.Variablecostschangewiththequantityofaproductproducedorsold.170)Howdocompaniespriceexistingproducts?Answer:Companiesmaypriceexistingproductsabovepr

2、evailingmarketprices,belowmarketprices,oratornearmarketprices.171)Whatispriceskimming?Answer:Priceskimmingissettinganinitialhighpricetocoverdevelopmentandintroductioncostsandgeneratealargeprofitoneachitemsold.172)Whatispenetrationpricing?Answer:Penetrationpricingin

3、volvessettinganinitiallylowpricetoestablishanewproductinthemarket.173)Whatisthedistributionmix?Answer:Thedistributionmixisthecombinationofdistributionchannelsthatafirmselectstogetaproducttoendusers.174)Definewholesaling.Answer:Wholesalingisanindependentoperationtha

4、tbuysproductsfrommanufacturersandsellsthemtovariousconsumersorotherbusinesses.175)Howdoesaspecialtystoredifferfromasupermarket?Answer:Supermarketsstresslowprices,self-service,andwideselection;specialtystorescarryonelineofrelatedproducts.176)Howhavediscounthousescha

5、nged?Answer:Discounthousesbeganbysellinglargenumbersofitemsatsubstantialpricereductionstocash-onlycustomers.Asname-branditemsbecamemorecommon,theyofferedbetterproductassortmentswhilestilltransactingcash-onlysalesinlow-rentfacilities.Astheybecamefirmlyentrenched,the

6、ybeganmovingtobetterlocations,improvingdecor,sellingbetter-qualitymerchandiseathigherprices,andofferingservicessuchascreditplansandnon-cashsales.177)Whatisacatalogshowroom?Answer:Catalogshowroomsmailcatalogstoattractcustomersintoshowroomstoviewdisplaysamples,placeo

7、rders,andwaitbrieflywhileclerksretrieveordersfromattachedwarehouses.178)Explaindirect-responseretailing.Answer:Firmscontactcustomersdirectlytoinformthemaboutproductsandtoreceivesalesorders.179)WhathascausedadeclineintelemarketingintheUnitedStates?Answer:Nationaldo-

8、not-callregistriespreventtelemarketersfromcallingmanyconsumers,leadingtoadeclineintelemarketing.180)Whatisane-catalog?Answer:E-catalogsuseonlined