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1、Lesson14SuspensionSystemSuspensionisthetermgiventothesystemofsprings,shockabsorbersandlinkagesthatconnectsavehicletoitswheels.Suspensionsystemsserveadualpurpose–contributingtothecar'sroadholding/handlingandbrakingforgoodactivesafetyanddrivingpleasure,an
2、dkeepingvehicleoccupantscomfortableandreasonablywellisolatedfromroadnoise,bumps,andvibrations,etc.Thesegoalsaregenerallyatodds,sothetuningofsuspensionsinvolvesfindingtherightcompromise.Itisimportantforthesuspensiontokeeptheroadwheelincontactwiththeroads
3、urfaceasmuchaspossible,becausealltheforcesactingonthevehicledosothroughthecontactpatchesofthetyres.Thesuspensionalsoprotectsthevehicleitselfandanycargoorluggagefromdamageandwear.Thedesignoffrontandrearsuspensionofacarmaybedifferent.Inatypicalsuspensions
4、ystemforavehiclewithfront-engineandfront-wheeldrive(seeillustration),theweightofthevehicleappliesaninitialcompressiontothecoilsprings.Whenthetiresandwheelsencounterirregularitiesintheroad,thespringsfurthercompressorexpandtoabsorbmostoftheshock.Thesuspen
5、sionattherearwheelsisusuallysimplerthanforthefrontwheels,whichrequiremultiple-pointattachmentssothewheelscanmoveupanddownwhileswingingfromsidetosideforsteering.Front-wheel-drivecarwithMacPherson-strutfrontsuspensionandstrut-typeindependentrearsuspension
6、.(SaturnCorp.)Atelescopinghydraulicdamper,knownasashockabsorber,ismountedseparatelyorinthestrutateachwheeltorestrainspringmovementandpreventprolongedspringoscillations.Theshockabsorbercontainsapistonthatmovesinacylinderasthewheelmovesupanddownwithrespec
7、ttothevehiclebodyorframe.Asthepistonmoves,itforcesafluidthroughanorifice,imposingarestraintonthespring.Spring-loadedvalvesopentopermitquickerflowofthefluidiffluidpressureriseshighenough,asitmaywhenrapidwheelmovementstakeplace.Mostautomotivevehiclesusega
8、s-filledshockabsorbersinwhichtheairspaceabovethefluidisfilledwithapressurizedgassuchasnitrogen.Thegaspressureonthefluidreducesthecreationofairbubblesandfoaming.Mostautomotivevehicleshaveindependentfrontsuspension,usuallyusingcoil
