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1、CHAPTER1AUTOMOTIVEBASICS第一章汽车原理1.1PrincipalComponents1.1汽车主要组成部分Today'saveragecarcontainsmorethan15,000separate,individualpartsthatmustworktogether.Thesepartscangroupedintofourmajorcategories:engine,body,chassisandelectricalequipment.现代汽车有超过15000个零件组成，分成几个必须在一起工作的功能部分。主要包括4个功能部分：引擎，车身，底
2、盘和电控。1.2 Engine1.2引擎Theengineactsasthepowerunit.Theinternalcombustionengineismostcommon:thisobtainsitspowerbyburningaliquidfuelinsidetheenginecylinder.Therearetwotypesofengine:gasoline(alsocalledaspark-ignitionengine)anddiesel(alsocalledacompression-ignitionengine).Bothenginesarecalledh
3、eatengines;theburningfuelgeneratesheatwhichcausesthegasinsidethecylindertoincreaseitspressureandsupplypowertorotateashaftconnectedtothetransmission.引擎为汽车提供能源。一般是内燃机：通过在引擎缸内燃烧液体燃料获得能量。引擎有两种：汽油机和柴油机。两种引擎都叫热机。燃烧的燃料产生大量大热，热量使缸内的气体产生大的压力，通过连杆使曲轴旋转。1.3 Body1.3车身Anautomobilebodyisasheetmetalsh
4、ellwithwindows,doors,ahood,andatrunkdeckbuiltintoit.Itprovidesaprotectivecoveringfortheengine,passengers,andcargo.Thebodyisdesignedtokeeppassengerssafeandcomfortable.Thebodystylingprovidesanattractive,colorful,modernappearanceforthevehicle.车身有窗户，门，盖，内饰等组成，它为发动机，乘客及货物提供空间和保护。车身的设计要让乘客安全并
5、乘坐舒适。对于乘用汽车，车身要动感，色彩绚丽，现代化。1.4 Chassis1.4底盘Thechassisisanassemblyofthosesystemsthatarethemajoroperatingpartofavehicle.Thechassisincludesthetransmission,suspension,steering,andbrakesystems.底盘是一个组合体，主要由汽车的操纵部分，传动系统，悬架，转向部分，制动系统组成。Transmissionsystems―conveysthedrivetothewheels.Themaincompo
6、nentsareclutch,gearbox,driveshaft,finaldrive,anddifferential.传动系统用来驱动车轮。主要有离合器，变速箱，驱动轴，最后驱动和差速器组成。Suspension―absorbstheroadshocks.悬架主要用来吸收路面冲击。Steering―controlsthedirectionofthemovement.转向系统控制汽车的行驶方向。Brake―slowsdownthevehicle.制动系统使汽车停下来。1.5 Electrical EquipmentTheelectricalsystemsupplie
7、selectricityfortheignition,horn,lights,heater,andstarter.Theelectricitylevelismaintainedbyachargingcircuit.Thiscircuitconsistsofthebattery,alternator(orgenerator).Thebatterystoreselectricity.Thealternatorchangestheengine'smechanicalenergyintoelectricalenergyandrechargesthebatte
