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1、Unit1ABriefIntroductiontotheUK&England1TheUK’sPastandNow1.1BritishEmpire(bytheendof19thCandbeginningof20thC)--therewere53countries,coveredabout11,000,000squaremiles--occupiedabout450,000,000inhabitants,¼oftheearth’shabitablearea--about135timesthesizeofitsownterrit
2、ory--containedabout9timesasmanypeopleasinBritain--“empireonwhichthesunneversets”1.2Today’sBritain--amedium-sizedEuropeancountryLocation:NorthwestEurope,borderedbyIrelandtothewest,theNorthSeatothenortheast,andtheEnglishChannelandFrancetothesoutheast. London,thecapi
3、talcityoftheUnitedKingdom,issituatedinthesoutheasternpartofGreatBritain.Area:244,820sq.km--itsterritoryisquitesmallEngland,Scotland,WalesandNorthernIreland--itspopulationisjustslightlylargerthanthatofoneprovinceinChinaPopulation(2010):61m2TheEffectofItsImperialPas
4、t2.1therelationshipwithothercountries,esp.Commonwealth&EU▶CommonwealthofNationsTheCommonwealthofNationsisavoluntaryassociationofindependentsovereignfifty-fourstatesmostlyformedbytheUnitedKingdomanditsformercolonies.ItwasformerlyknownastheBritishCommonwealth(orBrit
5、ishCommonwealthofNations).TheCommonwealthisnotapoliticalunion,butanintergovernmentalorganizationthroughwhichcountrieswithdiversesocial,political,andeconomicbackgroundsareregardedasequalinstatus.FlagHeadquarter:LondonOfficiallanguage:English4Membership:fifty-fourso
6、vereignstatesHeadoftheCommonwealth:QueenElizabethII(since1952)▶EU(EuropeanUnion欧洲联盟)Itwasformedbysixcountries（France,Germany,Italy,Netherlands,Belgium,Luxembourg）in1958,andnowitiscomposedof27sovereignMemberStates:Austria,Belgium,Bulgaria,Cyprus,theCzechRepublic,De
7、nmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,theNetherlands,Poland,Portugal,Romania,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,andtheUnitedKingdom.In1973,UKjoinedEUwiththeother5countries—Bhutan(不丹),Ireland(爱尔兰),Greece(希腊)
8、,Spain(西班牙),Portugal(葡萄牙),12membersbythen.EUflag:May29,1986,12goldstarsreferto12membercountries.EUCurrency:Euro(欧元)Capital:London,highlyurbanized,80%inc
