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1、•SamuelJohnson塞缪尔·约翰逊•18September1709 –13December1784•Dr.JohnsonwasanEnglishauthorwhomadelastingcontributionstoEnglishliteratureasapoet,essayist,moralist,literarycritic,biographer,editorandlexicographer.•JohnsonwasborninLichfield,Staffordshireinthefamilyhomeabovehis
2、father‘sbookshop；•Hismotherwas40whenshegavebirth.Asitwasfearedthebabymightdie,thevicar教区牧师ofStMary'swassummonedtoperformabaptism.•Johnsonwasputtowet-nurse.Hesooncontractedscrofula.•SirJohnFloyer,formerphysiciantoCharlesII,recommendedthattheyoungJohnsonshouldreceivet
3、he"royaltouch",whichhereceivedfromQueenAnneon30March1712.•Hiseducationbeganattheageofthree,andcamefromhismotherwhohadhimmemorizeandrecitepassagesfromtheBookofCommonPrayer.•WhenJohnsonturnedfour,hewassenttoanearbyschool.•Ayearlater,JohnsonwassenttoLitchfieldGrammarSc
4、hool.•Duringthistime,Johnsonstartedtoexhibittheticsthatwouldinfluencehowpeopleviewedhiminhislateryears,andwhichformedthebasisforthediagnosisofTourettesyndrome•Attheageof16,Johnsonwasgiventheopportunitytostaywithhiscousins.Havingspentsixmonthswithhiscousins,Johnsonre
5、turnedtoLitchfield,buttheheadmaster"angeredbytheimpertinence无礼ofthislongabsence",refusedtoallowhimtocontinueatthegrammarschool.•Hismother'scousin,diedin1728andleftenoughmoneytosendJohnsonto11college.•Afterheturned19,JohnsonenteredPembrokeCollege彭布罗克学院,Oxford.•Hewasl
6、ateraskedbyhistutortoproduceaLatintranslationofAlexanderPope'sMessiahasaChristmasexercise.Johnsoncompletedhalfofthetranslationinoneafternoonandtherestthefollowingmorning.•Afterthirteenmonths,ashortageoffundsforcedJohnsontoleaveOxfordwithoutadegree.•In1731,Johnsoneve
7、ntuallyfoundemploymentasundermasterataschoolinMarketBosworth.AlthoughJohnsonwastreatedasaservant,hefoundpleasureinteachingdespitethinkingitboring.•In1732,hespenthistimewithhisfriendEdmundHector,whowaslivinginthehomeofthepublisherThomasWarren.AtthetimeWarrenwasstarti
8、nghisBirminghamJournal,andheenlistedJohnson'shelp.•Intheautumnof1735,Withhisfriend’sencouragement,JohnsonopenedEdialHallSchoolasaprivateac
