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1、Unit21ShipStructureandEquipmentShipStructure船舶结构与设备船舶结构1.TYPICALBULKCARRIERSTUCTURALCONFIGURATIONThemostwidelyrecognisedstructuralarrangementidentifiedwithbulkcarriersisasingledeckshipwithadoublebottom,hoppertanks,singleskintransverseframedsideshell,topsi
2、detanksanddeckhatchways.最广泛认可与散货船结构安排确定是一个双层底，底边舱，单层横框sideshell，顶边舱和甲板舱口单甲板船Bulkcarrierdesigndoesnotaltersignificantlywithsize;fundamentally,abulkcarrierof30,000tonnesdeadweightusuallyhasthesamestructuralconfigurationasthatofashipof80,000tonnesdeadweight.
3、散货船的设计不会因大小不会改变显著，载重3万吨与载重8万吨有有相同的结构配置。Ingeneral,theplatingcomprisingstructuralitemssuchasthesideshell,bottomshell,strengthdeck,transversebulkheads,innerbottomandtopsideandtankslopingplatingprovideslocalboundariesofthestructureandcarriesstaticanddynamicpr
4、essureloadsexertedby,forexample,thecargo,bunkers,ballastandthesea.Thisplatingissupportedbysecondarystiffeningmemberssuchasframesorlongitudinals.一般而言,电镀包括结构的项目，如侧壳，底壳，强力甲板，横舱壁，内底和顶面和镀槽坡组成结构项目提供了结构局部边界，进行静态和动态压力，例如,通过货物、燃料、压载水舱和大海这电镀的部分支持等中等尺寸的框或壳。Theseseco
5、ndarymemberstransfertheloadstoprimarystructuralmemberssuchasthedoublebottomfloorsandgirdersorthetransversewebframesintopsideandhoppertanks,etc.这些二次要部分转移负荷的主要结构构件，如梁双层底或地板和顶边和底边舱的横向肋骨等。Thetransversebulkheadstructures,includingitsupperandlowerstools,togethe
6、rwiththecrossdeckandthedoublebottomstructuresarethemainstructuralmemberswhichprovidethetransversestrengthoftheshiptopreventthehullsectionfromdistorting.横向舱壁结构,包括它的上部和下部一起交叉连同过甲板上双底结构的主要结构成员提供抗弯强度防止船的船体段扭曲Inaddition,ifingressofwaterintoanyoneholdhasoccurre
7、d,thetransversewatertightbulkheadspreventprogressivefloodingofotherholds.另外,如果进水到任何一个水平已发生,横向水密舱壁防止大量进水是有效的。2.DESIGNLIMITATIONS2.1GeneralAllshipsaredesignedwithlimitationsimposedupontheiroperabilitytoensurethatthestructuralintegrityismaintained.所有的船的设计通过限
8、制可操作性,以确保维持结构完整性。Therefore,exceedingtheselimitationsmayresultinoverstress-ingoftheship’sstructurewhichmayleadtocatastrophicfailure.因此，超过这些限制可能导致过载，可能导致灾难性的失败。Theship’sapprovedloadingmanual手册providesadescriptionof说明t
