AP 欧洲历史 文艺复兴

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1、Chapter11-RenaissanceRenaissanceSocietyRenaissance=re-birthofclassicalculture·thebirthofaNEWspiritofselfawareness·senseofreliefafteradisastrous14thcentury·senseofselfassertion&celebrationofthehumanspirit/potential1.ArtisticachievementRenaissancecanbedatedas1350-1550,andbrokendownin

2、tothreedistinctphases:·Phase1:1350-1400:decliningpopulation,rediscoveryofclassicalknowledge·Phase2:1400-1500:artistic/literaryachievements,populationrecovered,govt.stabilized·Phase3:1500-1550:Fr./Sp.InvasionsspreadtheRenaissancetoallofEuropeEnvironment:·Italiancitiesnevertotallydis

3、appearedasthehadintherestofEurope1.LateMiddleAgesItaliancitiesrepresented25%ofthepopulation2.By15007/10ofthelargestcitieswereItalian3.DevelopedintoCity-States,citiesfunctionascentersofpoliticalandecclesiasticalpower·Countrysidedevelopedaroundthecity·RuralSociety:Landownership/share

4、croppingdistinguishedthesocialstructure(80%subsistencefarmers)·UrbanSociety:dividedbyoccupation1.Monopolieswerestandard(guilds)·EconomicchangeintheearlyRenaissance1.BlackDeath2.Overproduction,aggregatedemanddeclined,pricesdeclined,laborsupplydeclined,wagesincreased·standardofliving

5、increasedforthepoor·wealthyconsumptionpatternbecameincreasinglyconspicuous(lackofmotivationforinvestment,heightenedsenseofmortality)·Consumptionofluxuriesplacedahighervalueonskilledcraftsmen(creativity)FamilyUnit:·Primaryeconomicunit,aswellasagroupingofrelatives1.Marriagewasapoliti

6、cal/economictransaction·Patronage,dowryandstatuswereprimaryconsiderations1.Menmarriedintheirthirties(socialdysfunction),womeninlateteens2.Marriedwomenlivedinaconstantstateofpregnancy(familyinterests)·Wealthyhiredhelp,poorexperiencedhighmortalityrates1.Lifeforthepoorimproved(butwass

7、tillfairlyterrible)2.Healthincreased-duetoincreasedgrainsupplyrelativetopopulationandnewfoods3.Starvationremainedrare-diedfromdiseasebeforeyoucouldstarveRenaissanceArt·Artrepresentedacombinationofindividualtalentandpredominatesocialideals1.Leadingedgeofsociety2.Technicalinnovations

8、-perspective&threedimensio