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1、第1页共5页西安建筑科技大学研究生试卷考试科目：SpecializingEnglishinMaterialsScienceandEngineering考试时间：2013年月日时——时考试方式：closeexamination学号：姓名：成绩PleasetranslateEnglishintoChinese.（100points）一．Vocabulary（20×1=20points）1.shapememoryalloys2.smartmaterial3.coefficientofthermalexpansion(C
2、TE)4.amorphousmaterial5.grainboundaries6.latticeparameters7.close-packedplanesanddirection8.strainhardeningmechanisms9.stressrelaxation10.impacttoughness11.stress-corrosion12.texturestrengthening13.extrusionanddrawing14.hot-affectedzone(HAZ)15.homogeneousnucl
3、eation16.nonferrousalloys17.solidification18.dispersionstrengthening19.lostfoamcasting20.carbon-fiber-reinforcedpolymers注：命题纸上一般不留答题位置。字、图清楚，请勿超出边框，以便复印。第2页共5页二．ShortDocuments（8×10=80points）1.Materialsthatcansignificantlychangetheirmechanicalproperties(suchas
4、shape,stiffness,andviscosity),ortheirthermal,optical,orelectromagneticproperties,inapredictableorcontrollablemannerinresponsetotheirenvironment.Materialsthatperformsensingandactuatingfunctions,includingpiezoelectrics,electrostrictors,magnetostrictors,andshape
5、-memoryalloys.2.Whenamaterialisdesignedforagivenapplication,anumberoffactorsmustbeconsidered.Thematerialmustacquirethedesiredphysicalandmechanicalproperties,mustbecapableofbeingprocessedormanufacturedintothedesiredshape,andmustprovideaneconomicalsolutiontothe
6、designproblem.Satisfyingtheserequirementsinamannerthatprotectstheenvironment—perhapsbyencouragingrecyclingofthematerials—isalsoessential.Inmeetingthesedesignrequirements,theengineermayhavetomakeanumberoftradeoffsinordertoproduceaserviceable,yetmarketableprodu
7、ct.注：命题纸上一般不留答题位置。字、图清楚，请勿超出边框，以便复印。第3页共5页3.MaterialswithmetallicbondingexhibitrelativelyhighYoung’smodulussincethebondsarestrong.Metalsalsoshowgoodductilitysincemetallicbondsarenon-directional.Thereareotherimportantreasonsrelatedtomicrostructurethatcanexplai
8、nwhymetalsactuallyexhibitlowerstrengthsandhigherductilitythanwhatwemayanticipatefromtheirbonding.Ductilityreferstotheabilityofmaterialstobestretchedorbentwithoutbreaking.Ingeneral,themelt
