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1、37EnglishLiteratureLecture12:TheVictorianAge(2)TheDevelopmentofNovelasaLiteraryGenre:Novelasaliterarygenreappearedinthe18thcentury.Majorconditionshavecontributedtothisappearance:--Alargereadingaudience.Withthegrowthofthemiddleclass,theyhavemoreleisuretimetoread.--Mediatopublish
2、longwritings.Thishassomethingtodowiththeappearanceofliteraryjournals.Importantearlynovelistsinclude:DanielDefoe:TheLifeandStrangeSurprisingAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoeJonathanSwift:Gulliver’sTravels“dystopia”:adescriptionofthemostwickedsocietyandthemostwickedsideofhumannatureSamu
3、elRichardson:Pamela“epistolarynovel”:anovelwrittenintheformoflettersHenryFielding:TomJones“realisticnovel”:amirrorofsocietyIntheearly19thcentury,novelgraduallygrewtomaturity.Importantnovelistsinclude:JaneAustin:PrideandPrejudice,SenseandSensibility,Persuasion,Emma“domesticreali
4、sm”:self-discoveryandfulfillmentSirWalterScott:Ivanhoe,Waverley“historicalnovel”:novelsbasedonthehistoryofhumanbeingsIntheVictorianPeriod,novelreachedthesummitofdevelopment.Majornovelistsinclude:CharlesDickens:OliverTwist,GreatExpectations,ATaleofTwoCities“socialrealism”:realis
5、ticnovelswithacriticalattitudetowardsocietyThomasHardy:TheReturnoftheNative,TessoftheD’Urbervilles,FarfromtheMaddingCrowd,JudetheObscure“novelsofcharacterandenvironment”:novelsabouttherelationshipbetweencharactersandenvironmentGeorgeEliot:TheMillontheFloss,Middlemarch,AdamBede,
6、SilasMarnermoralconflict;closetiesbetweencharacterizationandplotCharlotteBrontë:JaneEyre“fictionalautobiography”:lifestorybutwithimaginationsEmilyBrontë:WutheringHeights37EnglishLiteratureElementsofFiction:1.characterization:whohe/sheis,whathe/shedoes,howhe/shethinksoracts;noto
7、nlytheoutsidebehaviorbutalsothepsychologicalworldtypesofcharacters:a.flat/stockandround/dynamiccharacters:Flatcharactersaretwo-dimensionalcharacterswhoremainmoreorlessunchangedduringthestory;whereasroundcharactersarethree-dimensionalcharacterswhoundergochangesthroughoutthestory
8、.AnexampleoftheflatcharacterisMonkeyKinginJourneytothe
