公共地悲剧中英对照

《公共地悲剧中英对照》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、公地的悲剧TragedyoftheCommonsTheTragedyoftheCommons公地的悲剧byGarrettHardin,1968PublishedinScience,December13,1968Attheendofathoughtfularticleonthefutureofnuclearwar,WiesnerandYork(1)concludedthat:"Bothsidesinthearmsraceare...confrontedbythedilemmaofsteadilyincreasing

2、militarypowerandsteadilydecreasingnationalsecurity.Itisourconsideredprofessionaljudgmentthatthisdilemmahasnotechnicalsolution.Ifthegreatpowerscontinuetolookforsolutionsintheareaofscienceandtechnologyonly,theresultwillbetoworsenthesituation."J.B.Wiesner和H.F.Yo

3、rk在一篇关于核子战争前景的发人深省文章结尾时说：「武器竞赛的双方都是…面对持续增强的军事力量和持续减弱的国家安全。深思之下，我们的专业意见认为这困局没有技术性的解决办法。如果大国只是在科学和科技这方面找寻解决办法，结果只会令情况恶化。」Iwouldliketofocusyourattentionnotonthesubjectofthearticle(nationalsecurityinanuclearworld)butonthekindofconclusiontheyreached,namelythatther

4、eisnotechnicalsolutiontotheproblem.Animplicitandalmostuniversalassumptionofdiscussionspublishedinprofessionalandsemipopularscientificjournalsisthattheproblemunderdiscussionhasatechnicalsolution.Atechnicalsolutionmaybedefinedasonethatrequiresachangeonlyinthete

5、chniquesofthenaturalsciences,demandinglittleornothinginthewayofchangeinhumanvaluesorideasofmorality.希望各位不要集中注意文章的主题（核武世界的国家安全），而是要留意作者的结论，即是问题没有技术性的解决办法。专业和半通俗科学期刊的评论，差不多都隐喻评论的问题是有技术性的解决办法。技术性解决办法可以定义为只要改变自然科学的技术，无需或只是稍为改变人的道德价值或概念。Inourday(thoughnotinearlier

6、times)technicalsolutionsarealwayswelcome.Becauseofpreviousfailuresinprophecy,ittakescouragetoassertthatadesiredtechnicalsolutionisnotpossible.WiesnerandYorkexhibitedthiscourage;publishinginasciencejournal,theyinsistedthatthesolutiontotheproblemwasnottobefound

7、inthenaturalsciences.Theycautiouslyqualifiedtheirstatementwiththephrase,"Itisourconsideredprofessionaljudgment...."Whethertheywererightornotisnottheconcernofthepresentarticle.Rather,theconcernhereiswiththeimportantconceptofaclassofhumanproblemswhichcanbecalle

8、d"notechnicalsolutionproblems,"and,morespecifically,withtheidentificationanddiscussionofoneofthese.Itiseasytoshowthattheclassisnotanullclass.我们现在一般都欢迎有技术性解决办法（以前并非如此）。因为以前的预言往往失准，要有莫大勇气才会