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1、LessonOneTEXTSexisminSchool(学校中的性别歧视)-BoysstillgetmoreattentionthangirlsdoByMyraandDavidSadkerIfaboycallsoutinclass,hegetstheteacher’sattention.Ifagirlcallsoutinclass,sheistoldtoraiseherhandbeforespeaking.如果一个男孩在课堂上喊出来,他会得到老师的关注,如果一个女孩在课堂上喊出来,她会被告之先举手再发言。Te
2、acherspraiseboysmorethangirls,giveboysmoreacademichelpandaremorelikelytoacceptboys’commentsduringclassroomdiscussions.Theseareonlyafewexamplesofhowteachersfavorboys.Throughthisadvantageboysincreasetheirchancesforbettereducationandpossiblyhigherpayandquicker
3、promotions.Althoughmanybelievethatclassroomsexismdisappearedintheearly70s,ithasn’t.老师表扬男孩比女孩多,会给男孩更多的学业帮助,老师更能接受男孩在课堂讨论中评论。这只是一些老师怎样偏爱男孩的例子。通过这样的优势,男生就能增加更好的教育机会,可能得到高工资或者晋级快。虽然许多人认为课堂歧视在70年代早就消失了,但它并没有消失。Educationisnotaspectatorsport.Numerousresearchers,mo
4、strecentlyJohnGoodlad,formerdeanofeducationattheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngelesandauthorof“APlaceCalledSchool,”haveshownthatwhenstudentsparticipateinclassroomdiscussiontheyholdmorepositiveattitudestowardschool,andthatpositiveattitudesenhancelearning.Itis
5、nocoincidencethatgirlsaremorepassiveintheclassroomandscorelowerthanboysonSATs.教育不是一种供认观看的体育运动。许多研究者,最近的有加州大学洛杉矶分校前教育系系主任JohnGoodlad,也是“一个被称为学校的地方”的作者,他们表明,当学生参与课程讨论时,他们对学校持有更积极的态度,这种积极的态度能增进学习。女生在课堂上比较被动,在高考中比男生得分低,这决不是一种巧合。Mostteachersclaimthatgirlspartici
6、pateandarecalledoninclassasoftenasboys.Butathree-yearstudywerecentlycompletedfoundthatthisisnottrue;vocally,boysclearlydominatetheclassroom.Whenweshowedteachers,andadministratorsafilmofaclassroomdiscussionandaskedwhowastalkingmore,theteachersoverwhelminglys
7、aidthegirlswere.Butinreality,theboysinthefilmwereout-talkingthegirlsataratioofthreetoone.大多数老师称,女生参加课堂讨论和男生一样,也经常被提问。但刚刚完成的长达三年的研究发现,不是这样的,男生显然会控制整个课堂氛围,当我们给老师、行政人员看了课堂讨论视频,问谁说的多时,老师们异口同声说女生说得多。但事实上,视频中,男生比女生说得多的比例是3:1Fieldresearchersinourstudyobservedstude
8、ntsinmorethan100fourth-,sixth-andeighth-gradeclassesinfourstatesandtheDistrictofColumbia.Theteachersandstudentsweremaleandfemale,blackandwhite,fromurban,suburbanandruralcommunities.Halfoftheclassroomco