Densities and viscosities of some liquid alloys of zinc and cadmium

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1、DensitiesandViscositiesofSomeLiquidAlloysofZincandCadmiumA.F.CRAWLEYThedensitiesandviscositiesofthealloysystemsZn-Sn,Cd-Sn,andCd-Pbandofzinc-andcadmium-richZn-PbandCd-T1alloyshavebeendeterminedaccuratelybyabsolutetech-niquesofprovenreliability.Isothermalmolarvolumesforallfivesystemss

2、howpositivedeviationsfromidealmixinginagreementwithotherpublisheddata.Isothermalviscositiesdemonstratelargenegativedeviationsfromidealmixing.Ineachsystem,soluteadditionsgiverisetosharpdecreasesinviscosityatthezinc-andcadmium-richendsofthesystem,aphenomenonnotreflectedinthedensitydata

3、.Toexplaintheviscosityresults,itispro-posedthatalloyingadditionstozincandcadmiumaltertheinteratomicbondingassociatedwiththesurfacestructureofthesemetalscausingdisproportionateviscositychanges.Re-centsurfacetensionstudieshaveaptlydemonstratedthatthesurfacesofzincandcadmiumareatomicall

4、ymoreorderedthanthebulkmetal.ASpointedoutinreviewsbyBrush~andWittenbergmetal.Theapparatus,itsdesign,andoperationhaveandOfte,2theoreticalstudiesofviscosityhavehadbeendescribedfullyinearlierpapers.3,nProceduresverylittlesuccessevenforsimpleliquidslikeargon,tosuppressvaporizationlossesa

5、ndoxidationofzincandevenlessforliquidmetals.Indeed,itmightsafelyandcadmiumhavebeendescribedpreviously.n"eTobesaidthatknowledgeoftherelevantfactorsinvis-evaluateviscositycoefficientsfromrawexperimentalcousflowhashardlyadvanceddespitegreateffortsbydata,themathematicalanalysisofRoscoe~3

6、wasused.theoreticians.Ofcourse,inearlieryearsexperimen-talandmathematicaltechniqueswerelessrefinedthanRESULTSinthepresentday.Thislackofgoodtechniquesledtorationalizationsof,anddeductionsfrom,whatwereDensityincorrectresultsasdescribedbyThreshandAsinallpreviousworkinthisprogram,density

7、Crawley.3'4However,asdiscussedinanearlierpa-showedalineardependenceontemperature.Theex-per5severalprovenandaccuratemethodsarenowperimentalresultsweresubjectedtoafirst-orderavailabletogatherreliabledata.regressionanalysistodeterminetheconstantsaandbItwasto.throwfurtherlightonourknowle

8、dgeofintheeq