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1、1MANCEPTWorkingPapersSeriesISSN1749-9747*JUSTICEBEYONDEQUALITYAreviewessayofG.A.Cohen’sRescuingJusticeandEquality(ForthcominginSocialTheoryandPractice)JonathanQuongUniversityofManchester09September,2009Inhisbrilliantbook,RescuingJusticeandEquality,G.A.Cohenend
2、eavorstocorrecttwo1confusionsthathedetectsattheheartoftheRawlsianpictureofsocialjustice.First,CohenarguesthatRawls’swell-knowndifferenceprinciple,whichpermitsincentive-basedinequalitiesthatworktobenefittheleast-advantaged,confusesdistributivejusticewithothermo
3、ralimperatives,mostnotably,Paretoefficiency.Distributivejustice,Coheninsists,requiresequality,butthedifferenceprinciplesacrificesequalityinthenameofParetogains.Thedifferenceprincipleisthusnotafundamentalprincipleofjustice,butacompromisebetweenjusticeandotherva
4、lues.ThefirstpartofthebookthusseekstorescueequalityfromvariousRawlsianargumentswhichpurporttoexplainwhyjusticedoesnotinfactrequireequality.InthesecondpartofthebookCohenaimstorescuethemoregeneralconceptofjusticefromthemoregeneralRawlsianconstructivistmethodolog
5、y.Indeclaringthatfundamentalprinciplesofjusticecanbederivedbyaskingwhatrulespartiesintheoriginalpositionwouldagreeto,CohenbelievesRawls(andRawlsians)areguiltyofconfusingrulesofregulationwithfundamentalprinciplesofjustice.Evenifaconstructivistdeviceliketheorigi
6、nalpositionistherightwaytouncovertheoptimalrulesforsocialorganization,theserulesarenotpureprinciplesofjusticesincetheoptimalrulesforsociallivingmustbesensitivetofactsaboutthewaytheworldis,andtovaluesotherthanjustice.AsIsaid,thebookisbrilliant,whichshouldcomeas
7、nosurprisetoanyone.Itis,Ithink,Cohen’sdeepest,andmostimportantcontributiontopoliticalphilosophy,andit2shouldberequiredreadingforeveryoneworkinginourfield.ItiscertainlythemostinsightfulandpowerfulcritiqueofRawlsianpoliticalphilosophyeverwritten.Thatsaid,*Forcom
8、mentsonanearlierdraftofthisessayI’mverygratefultoRichardChild,CecileFabre,JoannaFirth,HillelSteiner,ZofiaStemplowska,RebeccaStone,andStevedeWijze.1G.A.Cohen,RescuingJusticeandEqual
