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1、ClayMinerals(2001)36,1–14ThispaperisbasedonthefirstGeorgeBrownLecturedeliveredattheClayMineralsGroupMeetingheldattheUniversityofExeteron6thApril2000.Order-disorderinclaymineralstructuresA.PLANC°ON*ISTO,CNRS-Universite´d’Orle´ans,1AruedelaFe´rollerie,45
2、071Orle´ans,Cedex2,France(Received6April2000;revised24July2000)ABSTRACT:Somerecentworksdealingwiththeconceptoforder-disorderinclaymineralsareconsidered,includingthoseaspectsoforder-disorderwhichappearedintheBrindley&Brown(1980)monograph,i.e.disorderint
3、hedistributionofcations,disorderinlayerstacking,order-disorderinmixed-layersystemsandfinitecrystalsizeasalatticedisorder.Heterogeneityofsamplesandpolymorphoustransformationsarealsoconsideredasothertypesofdisorder.Mostoftheseworksemphasizethataccuratest
4、ructuralcharacterizationcanonlybeobtainedifseveraltechniquesarecombined(e.g.XRDandIR,EXAFSandMo¨ssbauerspectroscopies,etc.).Anotherconclusionisthataccuratestructuraldeterminationprovidesthekeytothegenesisofclays.KEYWORDS:order,disorder,phyllosilicates,
5、clayminerals,cationdistribution,heterogeneity,mixedlayer.Claymineralscanbedescribedverysimplybythestructuralcharacterizationofclayminerals,thestackingoftwokindsoflayers:1:1layersand2:1mechanismsbywhichtheychangewhentheyarelayers.Infacttheselayerscanhav
6、eaverywidesubjectedtodifferentphysicalorchemicalstressesrangeofchemicalcompositions,ofdistributionsofandthecorrelationbetweenstructureandproper-isomorphouscations,andcanstackinalotofties.Theaimisrathertoreviewthemostrecentdifferentways,includingmixedla
7、yering.Theirpaperspublishedonthesetopics,toshowwhatthestructuraltriperiodicityistheexception,inwhich‘stateoftheart’is.casedescriptioninvolvestheorder-disorderTheclassicaldivisionoforder-disorderwhichconcept.Ontheotherhand,thesemineralshaveappearedinthe
8、Brindley&Brown(1980)theabilitytoevolve,e.g.tochangetheirlayerormonographwillberetainedhere,i.e.disorderininterlayercations,tosustainpolymorphoustrans-distributionofcations,disorderinlayerstacking,formationsbyoctahedralcationmigration,to
