Agricultural Origins and Frontiers in South Asia

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1、JWorldPrehist(2006)20:186DOI10.1007/s10963-006-9006-8ORIGINALPAPERAgriculturalOriginsandFrontiersinSouthAsia:AWorkingSynthesisDorianQ.FullerPublishedonline:1December2006
CSpringerScience+BusinessMedia,LLC2006AbstractTheaccumulationofrecentdatafromarchaeobotany,archaeozoologyandNe-olithice

2、xcavationsfromacrossSouthAsiawarrantsanewoverviewofearlyagricultureinthesubcontinent.Thispaperattemptsasynthesisofthesedatawhilerecommendingfurthersystematicworkandmethodologicaldevelopments.TheevidencefororiginsanddispersalsofimportantcropsandlivestockfromSouthwestAsiaintoSouthAsiaisrevi

3、ewed.Inaddi-tionevidenceforindigenousplantandanimaldomesticationinIndiaispresented.EvidenceforprobableindigenousagriculturaldevelopmentsinGujarat,theMiddleGanges,EasternIndia,andSouthernIndiaarereviewed.Anattemptismadetohighlightregionsofimportantfrontiersofinteractionbetweenearlyfarmersa

4、ndhunter-gatherers.ThecurrentevidencesuggeststhattheNeolithictrajectoriesindifferentpartsofSouthAsiadifferfromeachother.IndigenouscentersofplantdomesticationinIndiaalsodifferfromtheoftendiscussedtrajectoryofSouthwestAsia,whilesuggestingsomesimilaritieswithagriculturaloriginsinAfricaandEas

5、ternNorthAmericaaswellassecondaryagriculturaldevelopmentsontheperipheriesofEurasia.KeywordsNeolithic.Domestication.India.Pakistan.Archaeobotany.ArchaeozoologyIntroductionFundamentalchangesinsocietiesofmodernhumansoccurredwiththeemergenceofagriculture.Changesoccurredinsocialorganisationand

6、culturalecology,aswellasinsymbolicdimensionsofculture,especiallyintheperceptionofthelandscapeandthehumanrelationshiptoparticularspeciesofplantsandanimals.Asagricultureinvolvesrelationshipswithanimalsandplants,theremainsoftheseorganismsprovideourmostdirectevidence.Thereisagrowingbodyofarch

7、aeobotanicalandarchaeozoologicaldatafromSouthAsianprotohistory(orlateprehistory)whichcallsforanewsynthesisonagriculturaloriginsD.Q.Fuller(
)InstituteofArchaeology,UniversityCollegeLondon,31-34GordonSquare,LondonWC1H0PY,UKe-mail:d.fuller@ucl.ac.ukSpringer2JWorldPrehi