china trade embargo and america's alliance management in the 1950s

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1、ChinaTradeEmbargoandAmerica'sAllianceTitleManagementinthe1950s-TheJapaneseCase-Author(s)Ishii,OsamuCitationHitotsubashijournaloflawandpolitics,20:23-31IssueDate1992-02TypeDepartmentalBulletinPaperTextVersionpublisherURLhttp://hdl.handle.net/10086/8203RightHitotsubashiUniversityRepositoryHi~q~

2、sp~ashiJoumalofLawandPolitics20(1992)pp.23-31.CTheHi.tqtsubashiAcademyCHlNATRADEEMBARGOANDAMERICA'SALLIANCEMANAGEMENTINTHE1950*-THEJAPANESECASE*-OSAMUISHIIAbstractIntheearly1950stheUnited,StatesgovernmentpursuedconflictingpolicieswithregardtoJapan.Whileanxioustoseeapost-occupationJapanbecomee

3、conomicallyself-supporting,WashingtoninitiatedarigidtraderestrictionpolicyagainstmainlandChinaafterChina'smilitaryinterventionintheKoreanWar,andforcedJapantoobserveaChinaembargolistwhichwasstricterthanthatfortheotherEuropeanallies.SincemainlandChinawasJapan'straditionalmarketandsourceofrawmat

4、erials,thispolicycreatedseriousfrictionsbetweenJapanandtheUnitedStates.Thisarticledescribesthefollowing-utilizingUnitedStatesgovernmentdocuments:.(1)DuringandaftertheAlliedoccupationofJapan,theUnitedStateswishedtoseeJapanbecomealoyalwesternallywithahealthy,self-sustainingecononry;(2)WhenJapan

5、expressedits'desiretotakepartintheCOCOM,theUnitedStatestriedtocreateaseparateorganizationforFarEasterntrade-chieflyoutofitsdesiretomaintaintheexistingstrictercontrolsonChinathanontheEuro-peanSovietBloc.Themajoradvocatesofthishard-linepolicywithintheUnitedStatesgovernmentwerethemilitaryandtheC

6、ommerceDepartment;'(3)Whenthisattemptfailed,theU,nitedStatesgovernmentobtainedapro-misefromtheJapanesegovernment-intheformofasecretbilateralagreement-tomaintainstrictercontrolsonChinesetradethantheotherCOCOMcountriesexcepttheUnitedStatesandCanada;(4)ThiscreatedadilemmafortopWashingtonofficial

7、swhoweredeeplyconcernedwiththeeconomicconditioninJapanandwiththemountingpressurewithinJapanforrelaxedtradewithChina;_(5).GreatBritainandFrancealsopressedonWashingtonforfreerEast-West((6).AftertwentymonthsornegotiationsbetweenJapanandtheUnited