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1、weekendingPRL104,136805(2010)PHYSICALREVIEWLETTERS2APRIL2010MappingHeatOrigininPlasmonicStructuresGuillaumeBaffou,1,*ChristianGirard,2andRomainQuidant1,3,1ICFO-InstitutdeCie`nciesFoto`niques,MediterraneanTechnologyPark,08860Castelldefels(Barcelona),Spain2
2、CEMES,CNRS,Universite´PaulSabatier,29rueJ.Marvig,F-31055Toulouse,France3ICREA-Institucio´CatalanadeRecercaiEstudisAvanc¸ats,08010Barcelona,Spain(Received18September2009;published2April2010)Weinvestigatethephysicsofphotoinducedheatgenerationinplasmonicstru
3、cturesbyusinganovelthermalmicroscopytechniquebasedonmolecularfluorescencepolarizationanisotropy.Thistechniqueenablesustoimagetheheatsourcedistributioninlight-absorbingsystemssuchasplasmonicnanostruc-tures.Whilethetemperaturedistributioninplasmonicnanostruc
4、turesisalwaysfairlyuniformbecauseofthefastthermaldiffusioninmetals,weshowthattheheatsourcedensityismuchmorecontrasted.Unexpectedlytheheatorigin(thermalhotspots)usuallydoesnotcorrespondtotheopticalhotspotsoftheplasmonmode.NumericalsimulationsbasedontheGree
5、ndyadicmethodconfirmourobservationsandenableustoderivethegeneralphysicalrulesgoverningheatgenerationinplasmonicstructures.DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.136805PACSnumbers:73.20.Mf,33.50.j,44.10.+iGoldnanoparticlescanefficientlyabsorbvisibleorin-r2TðrÞ¼hðrÞ;
6、(1)fraredlightenergyinveryconfinedvolumes,makingthemidealremotelycontrollablenanosourcesofheat.Besideswhereisthethermalconductivity(eitherofthemetalorthefundamentalinterestofunderstandingnanothermody-thesurroundings),TðrÞisthetemperaturedistribution,andna
7、micsphenomena,theabilitytoproducepointlikeheathðrÞrepresentstheheatsourcedensity(HSD)thathassourcesopensupawiderangeofapplicationsinphysics,dimensionsofapowerperunitvolume.Forsubmicromet-chemistry,andbiology.Forinstance,goldnanoparticlesasricmetalstructur
8、esheatedbyexternalillumination,thenanosourcesofheatalreadyhavepromisingapplicationsinHSDhðrÞcanbestronglynonuniform,dependingonthenanoscalecatalysis[1],magnetism[2],microfluidics[3morphologyofthemetalstructure[16].Ho
