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1、Duranti/CompaniontoLinguisticAnthropologyFinal12.11.20032:30pmpage369LanguageandCHAPTER16IdentityMaryBucholtzandKiraHall1INTRODUCTIONInmanyways,thestudyoflinguisticanthropologyisthestudyoflanguageandidentity.Thefield’sconcernwiththelinguisticproductionofcultureentailsaconce
2、rnwiththevarietyofculturallyspecificsubjectpositionsthatspeakersenactthroughlanguage.Thusclassiclinguistic-anthropologicalstudiesofperformanceandritual,ofsocializationandstatus,describenotmerelykindsofspeechbutkindsofspeakers,1whoproduceandreproduceparticularidentitiesthrou
3、ghtheirlanguageuse.Althoughthefielddidnotrelyheavilyonthetermidentityitselfuntilrelativelyrecently,theconcepthasnowtakenacentralpositioninlinguisticanthropology,servinglessasthebackgroundforotherkindsofinvestigationandmoreasatopicmeritingstudyinitsownright.Thismoveisimporta
4、ntbecauseamongthemanysymbolicresourcesavailablefortheculturalproductionofidentity,languageisthemostflexibleandpervasive.Thefactthatsomuchscholarshiponidentityinsocio-culturalanthropologydrawsonlinguisticevidence–suchaslifestories,narratives,interviews,humor,oraltraditions,l
5、iteracypractices,andmorerecentlymediadis-courses–atteststothecrucialifoftenunacknowledgedrolelanguageplaysintheformationofculturalsubjectivities.Thischaptercharacterizessomeofthemostimportantrecentdevelopmentsinthenewanthropologicalresearchtraditionoflanguageandidentity.Web
6、eginbyexplor-ingtwokeyconcepts,samenessanddifference,thatoffercomplementaryperspectivesonidentity.Thefirstoftheseallowsforindividualstoimaginethemselvesasagroup,whilethesecondproducessocialdistancebetweenthosewhoperceivethemselvesasunlike.Eventogether,however,theseconceptsa
7、reinadequatetocapturethepowerrelationsinwhichidentitiesareenmeshed.Forsamenessanddifferencearenotobjectivestates,butphenomenologicalprocessesthatemergefromsocialinteraction.Wethereforeturntothewaysinwhichsimilaritiesanddifferencesbecomeorganizedhierarchicallyinsocialcontext
8、s.Wediscussthisprocessintermsofmarkedness,anDuranti/CompaniontoLinguisticAnthropol
