Effect of flow maldistribution on hollow fiber dialysis — experimental studies

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1、209JournalofMembraneScience,5(1979)209-225oElsevierScientificPublishingCompany,Amsterdam-PrintedinTheNetherlandsEFFECTOFFLOWMALDISTRIBUTIONONHOLLOWFIBERDIALYSIS-EXPERIMENTALSTUDIESISA0NODA,DIMABOG.BROWN-WESTandCARLC.GRYTEColumbiaUniversity,DepartmentofChemicalEngineeringandAppliedChem

2、istry,NewYork,NY10027(U.S.A.)1979)(ReceivedAugust15,1978;acceptedinrevisedformApril3,SummaryCounter-currenthollowfiberdialyzerswerestudied.Performanceoflooselypackedhollowfiberdialyzersdeviatedfromthepredictionbasedonidealflowdistributionwhilewellpackeddialyzersdidnotdeviate.Theflowma

3、ldistributionswerecharacterizedbytraceranalysis.Thebehaviorofdialyzerswassimulatedwithamodelbasedonbypassflow.IntroductionMembranesintheformofhollowfibers[l]havebeenusedinseparationprocessessuchasreverseosmosisandultrafiltration[2-41amiartificialkidneyhemodialysis[5-81.Dialysisusingme

4、mbraneshasbeenstudiedex-tensivelybyCraig[9],Withtheirreversiblethermodynamicdescriptionofmembranetransportphenomena[lO_121andwiththedevelopmentofapparatusandproceduresforthestudyofintrinsicmembranepropertiesandassociatedphaseboundaryresistancesbetweensolutionsandmembrane[13-171,thesys

5、tematiccharacterizationofmembraneseparationprocesseswereformulated.Anumberofreportsonthemeasurementofintrinsicpropertiesofmembranes[18-221havebeengivenforvariousmembranesandsolutes.Whilethefundamentalstudiesofmembraneshavebeencarriedoutexten-sively,theconceptoftheapplicationofdialysis

6、isstillrestrictedtotheclassicalseparationofpermeablesolutesfromimpermeablecolloidsandpar-ticulates[23].NodaandGryte[241haverecentlyshownthefeasibilityoffractionatingsolutes,thepermeabilitiesofwhicharerelativelyclose,byusingahighlyselectivemulti-stageddialysisprocess.Thesuccessfulconst

7、ructionofsuchaprocessrequiresknowledgeofthemass-transferperformanceofeachdialyzerelement.Althoughthecounter-currentdialyzersusedinthemulti-stageddialysisprocessinNodasanalysisareassumedtofollowtheperform-ancedescribedbyMichaels[25]procedurefortheenhancementofdialysisTowhomcorresponden

8、cesho