Application of the Covalent Bond Classification Method ed400504f

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1、Articlepubs.acs.org/jchemeducApplicationoftheCovalentBondClassificationMethodfortheTeachingofInorganicChemistry†,‡MalcolmL.H.GreenandGerardParkin*†InorganicChemistryLaboratory,UniversityofOxford,SouthParksRoad,OxfordOX13QR,UnitedKingdom‡DepartmentofChemistry,ColumbiaUni

2、versity,NewYork,NewYork10027,UnitedStates*SSupportingInformationABSTRACT:TheCovalentBondClassification(CBC)methodprovidesameanstoclassifycovalentmoleculesaccordingtothenumberandtypesofbondsthatsurroundanatomofinterest.Thisapproachisbasedonanelementarymolecularorbitalana

3、lysisofthebondinginvolvingthecentralatom(M),withthevariousinteractionsbeingclassifiedaccordingtothenumberofelectronsthateachneutralligandcontributestothebondingorbital.Thus,withrespecttotheatomofinterest(M),theligandcancontributeeithertwo(L),one(X),orzero(Z)electronstoa

4、bondingorbital.AnormalcovalentbondisrepresentedasM−X,whereasdativecovalentbondsarerepresentedaseitherM←LorM→Z,accordingtowhethertheligandisthedonor(L)oracceptor(Z).Amoleculeisclassifiedas[MLlXxZz]accordingtothenumberofL,X,andZligandfunctionsthatsurroundM.Notonlydoesthe[

5、MLlXxZz]designationprovideaformalclassificationofamolecule,butitalsoindicatestheelectronconfiguration,thevalence,andthenumberofnonbondingelectronsonM.Assuch,theclassificationallowsastudenttounderstandrelationshipsbetweenmolecules,therebyincreasingtheirabilitytoconceptuali

6、zeandlearnthechemistryoftheelements.KEYWORDS:First-YearUndergraduate/General,Second-YearUndergraduate,GraduateEducation/Research,InorganicChemistry,Analogies/Transfer,CovalentBonding,Main-GroupElements,Nonmetals,Organometallics■INTRODUCTIONapplicationofdifferentprocedur

7、esforassigningoxidationstates,asdiscussedinmoredetailbelow.Thecarbonatomsinthevastmajorityofstableorganicmolecules12−4Inlargepart,theproblemsencounteredintheuseofoxidationhaveavalenceoffourandpossessanoctetconfiguration.statestoclassifycovalentcompoundsresultfromthefact

8、thatitisThesetwosimplefactsallowastudenttoinspectcomplexanapproachthatforcesioniccharacteronacompoundthatmayorganicmo