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1、PERSPECTIVESdoi:10.1038/nature14258DefiningtheAnthropocene1,21SimonL.Lewis&MarkA.MaslinTimeisdividedbygeologistsaccordingtomarkedshiftsinEarth’sstate.RecentglobalenvironmentalchangessuggestthatEarthmayhaveenteredanewhuman-dominatedgeologicalepoch,theAnthropocen
2、e.Herewereviewthehistoricalgenesisoftheideaandassessanthropogenicsignaturesinthegeologicalrecordagainsttheformalrequirementsfortherecognitionofanewepoch.TheevidencesuggeststhatofthevariousproposeddatestwodoappeartoconformtothecriteriatomarkthebeginningoftheAnth
3、ropocene:1610and1964.TheformalestablishmentofanAnthropoceneEpochwouldmarkafundamentalchangeintherelationshipbetweenhumansandtheEarthsystem.umanactivityhasbeenageologicallyrecent,yetprofound,onwhentheAnthropocenebegan,withproposeddatesrangingfromHinfluenceontheg
4、lobalenvironment.Themagnitude,varietybeforetheendofthelastglaciationtothe1960s.Suchdifferentmeaningsandlongevityofhuman-inducedchanges,includinglandsur-mayleadtomisunderstandingsandconfusionacrossseveraldisciplines.facetransformationandchangingthecompositionoft
5、heatmosphere,Furthermore,unlikeothergeologicaltimeunitdesignations,definitionshasledtothesuggestionthatweshouldrefertothepresent,notaswithinwillprobablyhaveeffectsbeyondgeology.Forexample,defininganearlytheHoloceneEpoch(asitiscurrentlyformallyreferredto),butins
6、teadstartdatemay,inpoliticalterms,‘normalize’globalenvironmentalchange.aswithintheAnthropoceneEpoch1–4(Fig.1).AcademicandpopularMeanwhile,agreeingalaterstartdaterelatedtotheIndustrialRevolutionusageofthetermhasrapidlyescalated5,6followingtwoinfluentialpapersmay
7、,forexample,beusedtoassignhistoricalresponsibilityforcarbonpublishedjustoveradecadeago1,2.Threescientificjournalsfocusingondioxideemissionstoparticularcountriesorregionsduringtheindustrialthetopichavelaunched:TheAnthropocene,TheAnthropoceneReviewera.Morebroadly
8、,theformaldefinitionoftheAnthropocenemakesandElementa.Thecaseforanewepochappearsreasonable:whatmattersscientistsarbiters,toanextent,ofthehuman–environmentrelationship,whendi