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1、JournalofBusinessEthics(2007)73:6575ÓSpringer2006DOI10.1007/s10551-006-9198-yAIDSisNotaBusiness:AStudyinGlobalCorporateResponsibilitySecuringAccesstoLow-costHIVWilliamFlanaganMedicationsGailWhitemanABSTRACT.Attheendofthe1990s,Brazilwasfaced1lifeofpeoplearoundtheworld.Yetmanyofthesewithapot
2、entiallyexplosiveHIV/AIDSepidemic.companiesalsohavedifficultyofferingaffordableThroughaninnovativeandmultifacetedcampaign,andmedicationstotheimpoverishedindevelopingdespiteinitialresistancefrommultinationalpharmaceu-countries.Thiswasthecaseformultinationalphar-ticalcompanies,thegovernmentof
3、BrazilwasabletomaceuticalcompaniesoperatinginBrazil.negotiatepricereductionsforHIVmedicationsandde-Inthelate1990s,Brazilwasexperiencingagrow-veloplocalproductioncapacity,therebyavertingapublicingHIVepidemicandwasinurgentneedoflowerhealthdisaster.Usinginterviewdataanddocumentanalysis,theaut
4、horsshowthattheexerciseofcorporatepricedmedications.Largepharmaceuticalcompaniessocialresponsibilitycanbeviewedinpracticeasady-suchasRoche,Bristol-MeyersSquibb,Abbot,andnamicnegotiationandaninteractionbetweenmultipleMerck,allofwhichhadCSRcodes,refusedtoloweractors.Actionundertakenintermsof
5、voluntaryCSRtheirprices.Inresponse,theBraziliangovernmentalonemaybeinsufficient.Thisfindinghighlightsthemountedacampaign,which,despiteinitialresistanceimportanceofastrongrolefornationalgovernmentsandonthepartofthepharmaceuticalcompanies,even-internationalorganizationstopressurecompaniestot
6、uallyresultedinthenegotiationofsignificantpriceperformbetter.reductions.Thispaperdescribeshowthisremarkablesuccesswasachieved.KEYWORDS:Brazil,compulsorylicensing,corporatesocialresponsibility,developingcountries,HIV/AIDS,OurstudybeginswithanexplorationofBrazilsmultinationalpharmaceuticalcom
7、panies,patents,TRIPS,negotiationstrategy.Thisisbasedonin-depthWTOinterviewswithkeyBrazilianpolicymakers,Brazilianpharmaceuticalmanufacturers,andcivilsociety2leaders.HowdidBrazilsucceedinnegotiatingpriceIntroductionreductions?NotwithstandingtheirCSRpolicies,Mos
