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1、DAMSAFETYINSPECTIONSCHEDULINGByWilsonH.Tang,1andBenChieYen,2Fellows,ASCEABSTRACT:Safetyinspectionofdamscanbescheduledonaprobabilisticbasisconsideringdetectabilityandrepairprobability.Inthispaper,amethodofinspec•tionschedulingforadamissuggestedbyusinganavaila
2、bilitymodel.Unavail•abilityisdefinedasthestateinwhichadamisoperatingunderunsatisfactoryconditionswithdeficiencies.Thedeficienciesmayormaynotbedetectedinaninspection,andadetecteddeficiencymayormaynotberepairedinduetime.Thepaperproposestorelatetheexpectedavail
3、abilityofadamtothefrequencyofdaminspection,thedetectabilityoftheinspectionroutine,thelikelihoodofowners'compliancetorepairorders,andtheconstructionqualityofthegivendam.Thedeterioratingcharacteristicsofadamwithtimecouldalsoaffectitsavailability.Thecaseofinspe
4、ctionschedulingforanonagingdamisfirstdeveloped,followedbythecaseofanagingdam.Examplesaregiventodemonstratetheproposedprocedure.INTRODUCTIONDamsafetyhaslongbeenapublicconcern.Recordsoffailuresandin•cidentsofmanylargedamshavebeencompiledinareportbytheInter•nat
5、ionalCommissiononLargeDams(ICOLD){Lessons1973)andtheU.S.CommitteeonLargeDams(USCOLD){Lessons1975,1988).Accordingtothesedata,dam-failureprobabilityisintheorderof10~3perdamyear(Cheng1989).InAugust1972,theU.S.CongresspassedtheNationalDamIn•spectionAct(PL92-367)
6、,authorizingtheU.S.ArmyCorpsofEngineerstoinventoryandinspectnonfederaldams.Underthisprogram,68,000non•federaldamsintheUnitedStateswereinventoried.BetweenDecember1977andOctober1981,8,800high-hazarddams(meaningthatfailurewouldre•sultindisastrousconsequences)we
7、reinspected,Ofthese,2,925werede•claredunsafe,and132weredeclared"emergencyunsafe"(critical),requir•ingimmediateaction.About90%oftheunsafedamsweresodeclaredbecauseofinadequacytohandleprobablemaximumflood(PMF),eithersolelyorinconjunctionwithotherfactors.Pastfai
8、lurerecordsindicatethatroughlyone-thirdofmainfailurecausesisrelatedtohydrology-hydraulics,one-thirdtogeotechnicalproblems,andthefinalthirdtootherfactors.Traditionally,damsafetyinspectionsaresche
