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1、EarlyAmericanRomanticismWashingtonIrving,JamesFenimoreCooper,andWilliamBryantEarlyRomanticismAmericanromanticismdidnotachieveitsmostpowerfularticulationsuntilPoe,Emerson,Thoreau,Hawthorne,Melville,Whitman,andEmilyDickinson.Slightlyearlierthantheseachievementstherewe
2、reWashingtonIrving,JamesFenimoreCooper,andWilliamBryantwhoexhibited,todifferentdegrees,romanticfeatures,andwhoare,forthisreason,regardedaspioneersofAmericanromanticism.WashingtonIrvingWashingtonIrving(1783-1859)ThefirstgreatprosestylistofAmericanromanticism,thefirst
3、greatAmericanbelletrist,authorofthefirstAmericanshortstoriesandfamiliaressays,thefirstgreatAmericanmanofletterstowriteforpleasureratherthanutility,andthefirstAmericanauthortoachieveinternationaldistinction.LifeTravelsatHomeTheyoungestsonofaprosperousNewYorkmerchant,
4、Irvingwastrainedtobealawyerat16althoughhehadastrongpreferenceforliteraturesincechildhood.Fortunately,thelawtrainingdidnotextinguishhisliterarypreferenceortalent.Inhisformativeyears,heexperiencedintimatelytheliteraryandculturalvitalityofNewYork.Hemingledwithvelvet-cl
5、adladiesandfrockedgentlemenparadingaroundCityHall.And,withhisgunanddog,heexploredtheopencountryoftheHudsonRiver,“thisgloriousriver”.AswascitedinhisautobiographicalaccountinTheSketchBook,“Iwasalwaysfondofvisitingnewscenes,andobservingstrangecharactersandmanners…AsIgr
6、ewintoboyhood,Iextendedtherangeofmyobservations.Myholidayafternoonswerespentinrambleaboutthesurroundingcountry.Imademyselffamiliarwithallitsplacesfamousinhistoryorfable.Ikneweveryspotwhereamurderorrobberyhadbeencommitted,oraghostseen.Ivisitedtheneighboringvillages,a
7、ndaddedgreatlytomystockofknowledge,bynotingtheirhabitsandcustomers,andconversingwiththeirsagesandgreatmen,Ievenjourneyedonelongsummerdaytothesummitofthemostdistanthill,whenceIstretchedmyeyeovermanyamileofterraincognita,andwasastonishedtofindhowvastaglobeIinhabited.”
8、TravelsAbroadIn1815,drivenbyhissorrowoverthedeathofhisfiancée,IrvingsailedagainforEngland,thusbegantoremainabroadfor17years.In1822hewentto
