复旦大学操作系统课件cha

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1、Chapter1:IntroductionWhatisanOperatingSystem?MainframeSystemsDesktopSystemsMultiprocessorSystemsDistributedSystemsClusteredSystemReal-TimeSystemsHandheldSystemsComputingEnvironmentsOperatingSystemConceptsWhatisanOperatingSystem?Aprogramthatactsasanintermediarybetweenauserofacomputer

2、andthecomputerhardware.Operatingsystemgoals:Executeuserprogramsandmakesolvinguserproblemseasier.Makethecomputersystemconvenienttouse.Usethecomputerhardwareinanefficientmanner.OperatingSystemConceptsComputerSystemComponents1.Hardware–providesbasiccomputingresources(CPU,memory,I/Odevi

3、ces).2.Operatingsystem–controlsandcoordinatestheuseofthehardwareamongthevariousapplicationprogramsforthevarioususers.3.Applicationsprograms–definethewaysinwhichthesystemresourcesareusedtosolvethecomputingproblemsoftheusers(compilers,databasesystems,videogames,businessprograms).4.Use

4、rs(people,machines,othercomputers).OperatingSystemConceptsAbstractViewofSystemComponentsOperatingSystemConceptsOperatingSystemDefinitionsResourceallocator–managesandallocatesresources.Controlprogram–controlstheexecutionofuserprogramsandoperationsofI/Odevices.Kernel–theoneprogramrunn

5、ingatalltimes(allelsebeingapplicationprograms).OperatingSystemConceptsMainframeSystemsReducesetuptimebybatchingsimilarjobsAutomaticjobsequencing–automaticallytransferscontrolfromonejobtoanother.Firstrudimentaryoperatingsystem.Residentmonitorinitialcontrolinmonitorcontroltransferstoj

6、obwhenjobcompletescontroltransferspacktomonitorOperatingSystemConceptsMemoryLayoutforaSimpleBatchSystemOperatingSystemConceptsMultiprogrammedBatchSystemsSeveraljobsarekeptinmainmemoryatthesametime,andtheCPUismultiplexedamongthem.OperatingSystemConceptsOSFeaturesNeededforMultiprogram

7、mingI/Oroutinesuppliedbythesystem.Memorymanagement–thesystemmustallocatethememorytoseveraljobs.CPUscheduling–thesystemmustchooseamongseveraljobsreadytorun.Allocationofdevices.OperatingSystemConceptsTime-SharingSystems–InteractiveComputingTheCPUismultiplexedamongseveraljobsthatarekep

8、tinmemoryandondisk(