国际经济学贸易政策的工具

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1、Chapter8TheInstrumentsofTradePolicyKeyTermsAdvaloremtariff从价关税Importquota进口配额Consumersurplus消费者剩余Localcontentrequirement国产化程度要求Consumptiondistortionloss消费扭曲损失Nontariffbarriers非关税壁垒Effectiverateofprotection有效关税保护率Producersurplus生产者剩余Efficiencyloss效率损失Production

2、distortionloss生产扭曲损失Exportrestraint出口限制Quotarent配额租金KeyTermsExportsubsidy出口补贴Specifictariff从量关税Exportsupplycurve出口供给曲线Termsoftradegain贸易条件收益Importdemandcurve进口需求曲线Voluntaryexportrestraint“自愿”出口限制IntroductionBasicTariffAnalysisCostsandBenefitsofaTariffOtherInst

3、rumentsofTradePolicyTheEffectsofTradePolicy:ASummarySummaryChapterOrganizationIntroductionThischapterisfocusedonthefollowingquestions:Whataretheeffectsofvarioustradepolicyinstruments?Whowillbenefitandwhowilllosefromthesetradepolicyinstruments?Whatarethecostsan

4、dbenefitsofprotection?Willthebenefitsoutweighthecosts?Whatshouldanation’stradepolicybe?Forexample,shouldtheUnitedStatesuseatarifforanimportquotatoprotectitsautomobileindustryagainstcompetitionfromJapanandSouthKorea?ClassificationofCommercialPolicyInstrumentsIn

5、troductionCommercialPolicyInstrumentsTradeContractionTradeExpansionTariffExporttaxImportquotaVoluntaryExportRestraint(VER)ImportsubsidyExportsubsidyVoluntaryImportExpansion(VIE)PriceQuantityPriceQuantityBasicTariffAnalysisTariffscanbeclassifiedas:Specifictarif

6、fsTaxesthatareleviedasafixedchargeforeachunitofgoodsimportedExample:Aspecifictariffof$10oneachimportedbicyclewithaninternationalpriceof$100meansthatcustomsofficialscollectthefixedsumof$10.AdvaloremtariffsTaxesthatareleviedasafractionofthevalueoftheimportedgood

7、sExample:A20%advaloremtariffonbicyclesgeneratesa$20paymentoneach$100importedbicycle.MixedTariff（混合税）compoundtariff（复合税）alternativetariff（选择税）BasicTariffAnalysisTariffscanbeclassifiedas:Purposerevenuetariff（财政关税）protectivetariff（保护关税）Thedirectionofthegoodsimpor

8、tduty(进口税）exportduty(出口税）importsurtax（进口附加税）anti-dumpingduty（反倾销税）countervailingduty（反补贴税）BasicTariffAnalysisDifferenttreatmentgeneraltariff(普通税率）MFNTtariff(MostFavoredNationTreatm