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1、厌氧消化技术TechnologyofAnaerobicDigestion张无敌2009.11.16E-mail:wooti@ynnu.edu.cn云南师范大学省农村能源工程重点实验室Part2主要内容1、History2、Three-stageofAnaerobicDigestion3、RuralBiogas4、BiogasEngineering1、HistoryIn1630,vanHelment,thefirstmannotedbiogasIn1776,A.Voltadiscovered“flammableair”In1806,W.Henrypointedout“
2、flammableair”isCH4In1808,H.DavyproducedmanuregaswithcowdungIn1866,BechampthinkmethaneproductionisamicrobialprocessIn1875,PopoffresearchedmethanefermentationIn1883,GayonresearchedanaerobicdigestionInthelastof19th,LouisMourasbuiltthefirstdigestertreatingwastewaterinFrance.In1896,Exeterof
3、Britainbuiltdigestertreatingsewage,sludgegasusedforlightingstreet.In1900,MatungaofIndiabuiltbiogasdigesterwithhumanexcrementasfeedstock.In1901,Söhngenbroughtforwardtheconceptofmethanebacteria.In1916,OmelianskyfirstisolatedastrainofmethanebacteriaMethanobacteriumomelianskii.In1930&1934,
4、vanNielbroughtforwardatheoryofcarbondioxidereductionmethane.4H2A＝4A＋8HCO2＋8H＝CH4＋2H2OTotalreaction：4H2A＋CO2＝4A＋CH4＋2H2OIn1936,usingchemicallysynthesizedmediatocultureriversludge,Barkerobtainedakindofmicroorganismbeingbettersuitableforfermentationofalcohol,propanolandbutanol.Atthesameti
5、me,Heukelekian&Heinmannreportedatechniqueforcalculatingthenumberofmethanebacteria.In1948,Buswell&Sollofoundedouttheoryofdirectconversionfrommethylgrouptomethane：14CH3COOH＝14CH4＋CO2CD3COOH＋H2O＝CD3H＋CO2＋H2O4CH3OH＋D2O＝3CH3D＋CO2In1956,Barker’shypothesis,itisthoughtthatmethaneisformedthroug
6、htwopathways.Duringtheprocess,methylgroupofaceticacidisdirectlyreducedtomethaneandthatcarboxylgroupofaceticacidisconvertedtocarbondioxide,andthenthelatterisagainreducedtoformmethane.In1940,H.A.Barkerfirstisolatedandcultivatedmethanogenswithbarkertube.In1950,R.E.Hungateestablishedanaero
7、bictechniquewhichgreatlycontributedtotheresearchofmethanogens.In1965,HungatetechniquewasdevelopedbyBryant.In1967,BryantpurifiedMethanobacteriumomelianskiiandidentifiedit,beingaunionofMethanobacteriumMOHand“S”organicstrain,theunionisinterspeciesH2-transfer.A.p-pH-OH+K2CO3Tube(Barker19
