Violation of Heisenberg’s Measurement-Disturbance Relationship by Weak Measurements

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1、weekendingPRL109,100404(2012)PHYSICALREVIEWLETTERS7SEPTEMBER2012ViolationofHeisenberg’sMeasurement-DisturbanceRelationshipbyWeakMeasurementsLeeA.Rozema,ArdavanDarabi,DylanH.Mahler,AlexHayat,YasamanSoudagar,andAephraimM.SteinbergCentreforQuantumInformation&QuantumControlan

2、dInstituteforOpticalSciences,DepartmentofPhysics,60St.GeorgeStreet,UniversityofToronto,Toronto,Ontario,CanadaM5S1A7(Received4July2012;published6September2012)Whilethereisarigorouslyprovenrelationshipaboutuncertaintiesintrinsictoanyquantumsystem,oftenreferredtoasHeisenberg

3、suncertaintyprinciple,Heisenbergoriginallyformulatedhisideasintermsofarelationshipbetweentheprecisionofameasurementandthedisturbanceitmustcreate.Althoughthislatterrelationshipisnotrigorouslyproven,itiscommonlybelieved(andtaught)asanaspectofthebroaderuncertaintyprinciple.H

4、ere,weexperimentallyobserveaviolationofHeisenbergsmeasurement-disturbancerelationship,usingweakmeasurementstocharacterizeaquantumsystembeforeandafteritinteractswithameasurementapparatus.Ourexperimentimplementsa2010proposalofLundandWisemantoconfirmarevisedmeasurement-distur

5、bancerelationshipderivedbyOzawain2003.Itsresultshavebroadimplicationsforthefoundationsofquantummechanicsandforpracticalissuesinquantummeasurement.DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.100404PACSnumbers:03.65.Ta,03.67.Ac,42.50.XaTheHeisenberguncertaintyprincipleisoneofthecor-mustsat

6、isfyðqÞðpÞh,wherehisPlancksconstant.nerstonesofquantummechanics.InhisoriginalpaperonThisideawasatthecruxoftheBohr-Einsteindebate[9],thesubject,Heisenbergwrote,Attheinstantoftimewhenandtheroleofmomentumdisturbanceindestroyingthepositionisdetermined,thatis,attheinstantwh

7、entheinterferencehasremainedasubjectofheateddiscussionphotonisscatteredbytheelectron,theelectronundergoes[1012].Recently,thestudyofuncertaintyrelationsinadiscontinuouschangeinmomentum.Thischangeisthegeneralhasbeenatopicofgrowinginterest,specificallygreaterthesmallerthewave

8、lengthofthelightemployed,inthesettingofquantuminformationandquantumcryp-i.e.,themoreexactthedete