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1、【MeiWei81-优质实用版文档】定语从句定语从句(一)、定义:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语)或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。主要由形容词担任,此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。如
2、:1)ThemanwholivesneGttousisapoliceman.2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格who,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when、why关系词常有三个作用:1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分(二)、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人,在从句中做主语(1)Theboyswhoareplayingfoo
3、tballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys
4、.(which在句子中做主语)(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)4.that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。(5)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做宾语)5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语(1)Hehasafri
5、endwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?注:that用法(
6、1)不用that的情况【MeiWei81-优质实用版文档】【MeiWei81-优质实用版文档】(a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。(错)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.(b)介词后不能用;在"such(thesame)...as..."句型中,关系代词要用as,而不用which.Weneedsuchmaterialsas(notwhich)canbearhightemperatureWedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.Wedepend
7、onthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.(2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况(a)在therebe句型中,只用that,不用which。(b)在不定代词,如:anything,nothing,theone,all等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。(c)先行词有theonly,thevery(恰恰,正好),any.few.little.no.all,thelast,just修饰时,只用that。(d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that,不能用which。.(e)先行词既有人
8、,又有物时。(f)先行词指物,在主句中作表语时.(g)为了避免重复.(h)先行词是theway或thereason时,that可作关系副词,也可省略(i)主句的主语是疑问词who