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1、MaterialschallengesfornuclearsystemsThesafeandeconomicaloperationofanynuclearpowersystemreliestoagreatextent,onthesuccessofthefuelandthematerialsofconstruction.Duringthelifetimeofanuclearpowersystemwhichcurrentlycanbeaslongas60years,thematerialsaresubjecttohi
2、ghtemperature,acorrosiveenvironment,anddamagefromhigh-energyparticlesreleasedduringfission.Thefuelwhichprovidesthepowerforthereactorhasamuchshorterlifebutissubjecttothesametypesofharshenvironments.Thisarticlereviewstheenvironmentsinwhichfuelsandmaterialsfromc
3、urrentandproposednuclearsystemsoperateandthendescribeshowthecreationoftheAdvancedTestReactorNationalScientificUserFacilityisallowingresearchersfromacrosstheUnitedStatestotesttheirideasforimprovedfuelsandmaterials.ToddAllena,JeremyBusbyb,MitchMeyerc,DavidPetti
4、caDepartmentofEngineeringPhysics,UniversityofWisconsin,Madison,WI53706,USAbMaterialsScienceandTechnologyDivision,OakRidgeNationalLaboratory,OakRidge,TN37831,USAcNuclearScienceandTechnologyDivision,IdahoNationalLaboratory,IdahoFalls,ID,UnitedStates*E-mail:alle
5、n@engr.wisc.eduSuccessfuloperationofcurrentlightwaterreactorsandnuclearindustryexperience,aswellasmostpreviousexperienceimplementationofadvancednuclearenergysystemsisstronglywithdevelopmentalsystems1-7.dependentontheperformanceoffuelsandmaterials.AtypicalTabl
6、e1summarizestheexpectedenvironmentsduringnormalLightWaterReactor(LWR)containsnumeroustypesofmaterialsoperationforthesixGenerationIVsystems.Forcomparison,the(Fig.1)thatmustallperformsuccessfully.AmajorityoftheoperatingconditionsforaPressurizedWaterReactor(atyp
7、eoflightLWRsintheU.S.areextendingtheiroperatinglicensesfroma40waterreactor)arealsolisted.TheGenerationIVsystemsareexpectedyearperiodtoa60yearperiod,withinitialdiscussionsabout80tooperateathighertemperatures,tohigherradiationdoses,atyearlifetimesnowunderway.Ma
8、nyproposedadvancedsystemshigherpressures,andinsomecaseswithcoolantsthatpresentmore(alsoknownasGenerationIVsystems)anticipateoperationatchallengingcorrosionproblemsthancurrentLWRs.Generati
