1、Technological Innovation in Biomedical Engineering42‐699A Module Assignment 2Liyi DaiThe Inflammatory Bowel Disease1. Brief IntroductionThe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of disease related to the inflammatory of intestines, which covers inflammatory in any apart of the digestive tract
2、, from mouth to anus. The most common conditions are ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease. The other rare types of the disease are collagenous colitis, lymphocytic colitis, ischaemic colitis, diversion colitis, silk road diseaseand indeterminate colitis. Here we discuss the two main types of
3、 IBD which isa family of autoimmune conditions that affects 1.5 million in U.S.The Structure of the IntestineFig. 1 Anatomy of the IntestinesThe intestine consists two main parts: the small intestine which is composed of duodenum, jejunum and ileum, the large intestine which is subdivided into the
4、cecum and colon. The function of the Intestine is to absorb nutrients from food. The left part of the figure shows the colon components and the right part of it displays the general structure of the intestine wall.Radially going from inside of the lumen (the cavity where nutrition is absorbed) to t
5、he outside, there are mucosa (glandular epithelium and muscular), sub mucosa, muscular and serosa. In the glandular epithelium of the whole gut are goblet cellswhich secrete mucus that lubricates lining and protects it from enzymes. Villi are folds of the mucosa and increase the overall surface are
6、a of the intestine. They also contain a lacteal, which is connected to the lymph system and aids in the removal of lipids and tissue fluid from the blood supply, promoting the nutrient absorption.Mucus is a kind of fluid that is secreted by, and covering, mucus membranes where there are all kinds o
7、f glands.The viscous liquid mainly contains four kinds of constitutions: the mucin glycoprotein, the inorganic salts, the antibacterial enzymes and the immunoglobulins. The main function of the mucus is to
