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1、TransportationResearchPartA51(2013)1–11ContentslistsavailableatSciVerseScienceDirectTransportationResearchPartAjournalhomepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/traDistributionmodelsforstart-uplosttimeandeffectivedepartureflowrateJiyuanTan,LiLi⇑,ZhihengLi,YiZhangDepartm
2、entofAutomation,TsinghuaNationalLaboratoryforInformationScienceandTechnology(TNList),TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing100084,ChinaarticleinfoabstractArticlehistory:Duetoitsimportance,lotsofinvestigationshadbeencarriedoutinthelastfourdecadestoReceived12March2012study
3、therelationshipbetweenphasedurationandvehicledepartureamount.InthisReceivedinrevisedform28February2013paper,weaimtobuildappropriatedistributionmodelsforstart-uplosttimeandeffectiveAccepted12March2013departureflowrate,byconsideringtheirrelationswiththefrequentl
4、ymentioneddepar-tureheadwaydistributions.Themotivationbehindisthatdistributionmodelscouldpro-videricherinformationthantheconventionalmeanvaluemodelsandthusbetterserveKeywords:theneedoftrafficsimulationandsignaltimingplanning.Toreachthisgoal,wefirstcheckDepartur
5、eheadwayempiricaldatacollectedinBeijing,China.TestsshowthatthedepartureheadwaysateachStart-uplosttimepositioninadischargingqueueareveryweaklydependentoralmostindependent.BasedDepartureflowrateTrafficsimulationonthisnewfinding,twodistributionmodelsareproposedfors
6、tart-uplosttimeandeffec-tiveflowrate,respectively.Wealsoexaminethedependencesofdepartureheadwaysthataregeneratedbythreepopulartrafficsimulationsoftware:VISSIM,PARAMICSandTransMo-deler.ResultssuggestthatinVISSIM,thedepartureheadwaysatdifferentpositionsarealmostd
7、eterministicallydependentandmaynotbeinaccordancewithempiricalobserva-tions.Finally,wediscusshowthedependenceofdepartureheadwaysmayinfluencetrafficsimulationandsignaltimingplanning.Ó2013ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.1.IntroductionStart-uplosttime,effectivedepart
8、ureflowrateanddepartureheadwayarefrequently-usedmeasurestodetermineinter-sectioncapacityandvehicledelays.Usually,departureheadwayisdefinedastheelapsedtimebetweeneverytwoconsecutivevehicles,
