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1、1BasicConsiderations1.1IntroductionTheprimarypurposeofthisintroductorychapteristodiscussthemainrequirementsofgasturbinecombustorsandtodescribe,ingeneralterms,thevarioustypesandconfigurationsofcombustorsemployedinaircraftandindustrialengines.Theprincipalgeometricandaerodynami
2、cfeaturesthatarecommontomosttypesofgasturbinecombustorsarebrieflyreviewed,withspecialattentionbeinggiventofuelpreparationandliner-wallcoolingtoreflecttheimportantrolethesetopicscontinuetoplayincombustordevel-opment.Referenceismadetomostofthekeyissuesinvolvedincombustordesign
3、anddevelopment,butthedescriptivematerialisnecessarilybriefbecausetheseandotherimportantaspectsofcombustorperformancearedescribedmorefullyinsubsequentchapters.BearinginmindthepressuresandexigenciesofwartimeBritainandGermany,andthelackofknowledgeandexperienceavailabletothedesi
4、gner,itisperhapshardlysurprisingthatthefirstgenerationofgasturbinecom-bustorswerecharacterizedbywidevariationsinsize,geometry,andthemodeoffuelinjection.Withthepassageoftimeandthepost-warliftingofinformationexchange,somecommonalitiesindesignphilosophybegantoemerge.Byaround195
5、0,mostofthebasicfeaturesofconventionalgastur-binecombustors,asweknowthemtoday,werefirmlyestablished.Sincethattime,combustortechnologyhasdevelopedgraduallyandcon-tinuously,ratherthanthroughdramaticchange,whichiswhymostoftheaero-enginecombustorsnowinservicetendtoresembleeachot
6、herinsize,shape,andgeneralappearance.Thisclosefamilyresemblancestemsfromthefactthatthebasicgeometryofacombustorisdictatedlargelybytheneedforitslengthandfrontalareatoremainwithinthelimitssetbyotherenginecomponents,bythenecessityforadiffusertominimizepressureloss,andbytherequi
7、rementofaliner(flametube)toprovidestableoperationoverawiderangeofair/fuelratios.Duringthepasthalfcentury,combustionpres-sureshaverisenfrom5to50atmospheres,inletairtemperaturesfrom450to900K,andoutlettemperaturesfrom1100to1850K.Despitethecontinuallyincreasingseverityofoperatin
8、gconditions,whicharegreatlyexacerbated12GasTurbineCombustion:AlternativeFue
