An electromagnetic black hole made of metamaterials

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1、AnelectromagneticblackholemadeofmetamaterialsQiangCheng,TieJunCui∗,WeiXiangJiangandBenGengCaiStateKeyLaboratoryofMillimeterWaves,DepartmentofRadioEngineeringSoutheastUniversity,Nanjing210096,China.Traditionally,ablackholeisaregionofspacewithhugegravitationalfield,whichabsorbseverythinghit

2、tingit.Inhistory,theblackholewasfirstdiscussedbyLaplaceundertheNewtonmechanics,whoseeventhorizonradiusisthesameastheSchwarzschild’ssolutionoftheEinstein’svacuumfieldequations.Ifallthoseobjectshavingsuchaneventhorizonradiusbutdifferentgravitationalfieldsarecalledasblackholes,thenonecansimulat

3、ecertainpropertiesoftheblackholesusingelectromagneticfieldsandmetamaterialsduetothesimilarpropagationbehavioursofelectromagneticwavesincurvedspaceandininhomogeneousmetamaterials.InarecenttheoreticalworkbyNarimanovandKildishev,anopticalblackholehasbeenproposedbasedonmetamaterials,inwhichth

4、etheoreticalanalysisandnumericalsimulationsshowedthatallelectromagneticwaveshittingitaretrappedandabsorbed.Herewereportthefirstexperimentaldemon-strationofsuchanelectromagneticblackholeinthemicrowavefrequencies.Theproposedblackholeiscomposedofnon-resonantandresonantmetamaterialstructures,

5、whichcantrapandabsorbelectromag-neticwavescomingfromalldirectionsspirallyinwardswithoutanyreflectionsduetothelocalcontrolofelectromagneticfieldsandtheeventhorizoncorrespondingtothedeviceboundary.Itisshownthattheabsorptionratecanreach99%inthemicrowavefrequencies.Weexpectthattheelectromagnet

6、icblackholearXiv:0910.2159v2[physics.optics]30Apr2010couldbeusedasthethermalemittingsourceandtoharvestthesolarlight.∗tjcui@seu.edu.cn12TheconceptofblackholewasfirstintroducedbyLaplaceundertheNewtonmechanicsbuthasbeenwidelyusedinthegeneralrelativity,inwhichaSchwarzschildblackholepossessesa

7、neventhorizonradius[1].Everythinghittingitincludingthelightcannotescapefromtheregionbecausethegravitypotentialisverypowerful,andincidentlightswhicharetangentialtothiscircularhorizonfromoutsidewouldformacircle.Similarly,anyobjectwhosepossiblepotentialissopowerfulthatitform