introductory lectures on black hole thermodynamics

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1、IntroductoryLecturesonBlackHoleThermodynamicsTedJacobsonInstituteforTheoreticalPhysicsUniversityofUtrechtAbstractThesenotesarebasedon¯velecturesgivenattheUniversityofUtrechtinearly1996.Myintentionwastointroducethesubjectofblackholethermodynamicsstartingatthebeginning,atale

2、velsuitableforanyonewithapassingacquaintancewithgeneralrelativityandquantum¯eldtheory.Althoughtheapproachiselementary,severalaspectsofcurrentresearcharediscussed.Thecoverageoftopicsisveryuneven.Propertiesofclassicalblackholesandbothclassicalandquantumblackholethermodynamic

3、saretreated.Theselectionandfocusisdeterminedbymyidiosyncracies,timelimitations,andane®orttoilluminatesometopicsthathavenottraditionallybeenemphasized.Vastamountsofinterestingandimportantworkonthesubjectarenotmentioned.IamverygratefultotheInstituteforTheoreticalPhysicsforth

4、ehospitalityandsupporttheyhaveprovidedduringaverystimulatingsabbaticalyearIspentthere.Contents1Blackholebasics31.1Whatisablackhole?........................................31.1.1Newtonianviewpoint.....................................31.1.2Blackholetypes.....................

5、..................31.1.3Blackholemetric.......................................31.1.4Generalreferences......................................51.2Blackholeuniqueness........................................51.3Positiveenergytheorem.......................................51.4Sin

6、gularitytheorem.........................................61.5Energyextraction...........................................71.5.1Convertingmasstoenergy.................................81.5.2Ergoregions..........................................81.5.3Penroseprocess..............

7、..........................81.5.4Chargedblackholes.....................................91.6Areatheorem.............................................101.6.1Applicationsoftheareatheorem..............................112ClassicalBlackHoleThermodynamics122.1Thefourlawsofblackhole

8、mechanics...............................122.1.1Blackholetemperatureassurfacegravity......