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1、Forreprintorders,pleasecontact:reprints@futuremedicine.comReviewFutureMicrobiologyAcidtolerancemechanismsutilizedbyStreptococcusmutansRobertMatsui&DennisCvitkovitch††Authorforcorrespondence:Room449AFacultyofDentistry,UniversityofToronto,124EdwardSt.,Toronto,ON,M5G1G6,CanadanTel.:+14169794917ext.4
2、592nFax:+14169784936nd.cvitkovitch@dentistry.utoronto.caSinceitsdiscoveryin1924byJClarke,Streptococcusmutanshasbeenthefocusofrigorousresearcheffortsduetoitsinvolvementincariesinitiationandprogression.ItsabilitytofermentarangeofdietarycarbohydratescanrapidlydroptheexternalenvironmentalpH,therebyma
3、kingdentalplaqueinhabitabletomanycompetingspeciesandcanultimatelyleadtotoothdecay.Acidproductionbythisoralpathogenwouldprovesuicidalifnotforitsremarkableabilitytowithstandtheacidonslaughtbyutilizingawidevarietyofhighlyevolvedacid-tolerancemechanisms.Theelucidationofthesemechanismswillbediscussed,
4、servingasthefocusofthisreview.Impactofdentalcariesproductionbydentalplaquebacteriatothepres-Dentalcarieshasbeenrecognizedasoneoftheenceofdietarysubstrates[11].Whilehecouldnotmostcommontypesofbacterialinfectionsinidentifythespeciesresponsiblefortheacidpro-humans;oftenarecurringinfectionthatmostduc
5、ed,hisideasandfindingshelpedresearch-individualshavetocontendwiththroughouterslaterdeterminethatoralbacteriametabolizethedurationoftheirlife[1].Assuch,cariousdietarycarbohydratesandproduceacid,mainlylesionshavereceivedmuchattentionduetothelactate,asanendproduct[12].Essentially,thesocialandeconomi
6、cimpactthattheyhaveonaproductionoflactatebytheacidogenicoralpopulation[2].Alongwithperiodontaldisease,microfloracausesdemineralizationofcalciumdentalcariesisconsideredthemostsignificantandphosphatepresentinthecrystalformofglobaloralhealthburden,consequentiallyindus-hydoxyapatitethatcomprisestheen
7、amelofthetrializedcountriesspend5–10%ofpublichealthteeth[13].Whenthefrequencyandrateofacidexpendituresonrelatedcare[3].Furthermore,productionexceedsthenaturalremineraliza-cariesaffectsthevastmajorityofadultsandistionac
