2011 Crop genomics advances and applications

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1、NatureReviewsGenetics

2、AOP,publishedonline29December2011;doi:10.1038/nrg3097REVIEWSCropgenomics:advancesandapplicationsPeterL. Morrell1,EdwardS. Buckler2andJeffreyRoss-Ibarra3Abstract

3、Thecompletionofreferencegenomesequencesformanyimportantcropsandtheabili

4、tytoperformhigh-throughputresequencingareprovidingopportunitiesforimprovingourunderstandingofthehistoryofplantdomesticationandtoacceleratecropimprovement.Cropplantcomparativegenomicsisbeingtransformedbythesedataandanewgenerationofexperimentalandcomputati

5、onalapproaches.Thefutureofcropimprovementwillbecentredoncomparisonsofindividualplantgenomes,andsomeofthebestopportunitiesmaylieinusingcombinationsofnewgeneticmappingstrategiesandevolutionaryanalysestodirectandoptimizethediscoveryanduseofgeneticvariation.

6、Herewereviewsuchstrategiesandinsightsthatareemerging.ThecompletionofreferencegenomesequencesformanyandBrachypodiumdistachyon7,8.Comparativegenom-Genome-wideassociationstudiesimportantcropsandmodelplantshasthepotentialtoaidics—whichistraditionallythoughto

7、fastheanalysis(GWASs).Studiesthatsearchintherealizationofthelong-standingpromiseofplantofsynteny(geneorder)andsequencecomparisonsforastatisticalassociationgenomicstodramaticallyacceleratecropimprovement1.amongrelatedspecies—isnowbeingredefinedbybetweenap

8、henotypeandSincethelate1960s,ithasbeenpossibletosurveymolec-therapidpublicationofincreasingnumbersofrefer-aparticularallelebyscreeningularmarkersacrossaplantgenome2,butfordecadestheencegenomes,byestimationofsequencediversityfromloci(mostcommonlybygenotyp

9、ingSNPs)acrossnumberofmarkersthatcouldbereadilyassayedplacedhigh-throughputresequencing,bytheexaminationoftheentiregenome.limitsonthegeneticresolutionthatcouldbeachievedthegenomicdistributionoflargeinsertionsanddele-usingeitherexperimentalorcomparativege

10、netictions(indels)andcopynumbervariants(CNVs)andapproaches.Onlyafewyearsago,thehighest-densitybytheemergenceofanewgenerationofexperimentalgeneticmapsrequiredthelaboriousassayofseveralthou-andcomputationalapproaches.Fromgen