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1、ThePartsofasentence句子成分SubjectandPredicateEverycompletesentencecontainstwoparts:asubjectandapredicate.Thesubjectiswhat(orwhom)thesentenceisabout,whilethepredicatetellssomethingaboutthesubject.主语(subject)：是一句的主体，是全句述说的对象，常用名词，数词或代词担任，一般放于句首。谓语：是对主语加以陈述，
2、表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。1.Thesimplesubjectwhenstrippedofallthewordsthatmodifyit,isknownasthesimplesubject.去掉所有的修饰词后剩下的核心词语e.g.Thegreenbookisworthtendollars.2.simplepredicateThesimplepredicateistheparticularwordorwordsthatweusetoexpressaction.Mo
3、difiersarenotpartofit.e.g.Johnwasgoingtothestore.3.CompoundsubjectsandverbsAcompoundsubjectisasubjectthatconsistsoftwoormorewordsconnectedususallybyandoror.e.g.JohnandNancywerethere.Hereads,writesandspeaksFrenchfluently.4.Howtofindthesubjectofasentence
4、Thesubjectofasentenceisneverinaprepositionalphrase.e.g.Neitheroftherivalssurvivedtheduel.Afewofthestudentspasstheexam.1.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregi
5、rls.4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）7.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.8.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（主语从句）（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）Compl
6、ements补语（Complement）是一种补足主语和宾语意义的句子成分。一、主语的补语：它用在系动词后，是句子的一个基本成分。常用主－系－表结构e.g.MissLiisateacher.HewascalledoldLi.Hisspeechseemedtiresome.Theskywasdarkblue.二、宾语的补语置于宾语之后补充说明宾语的动作，状态，特征的成分叫做宾语补语（ObjectComplement），宾补可以是名词或形容词。▲1）动词elect,appoint,call,name,m
7、ake,find,leave等后面常接名词用作宾语补足语。e.g.他的父亲给他取名为小明HisfathernamedhimXiaoMing.在会议上，我们选他为班长Atthemeetingweelectedhimmonitor.我们觉得她是个好老师。Weconsiderheragoodteacher.2）动词keep,make,paint,cut,find,consider,wipe等后面常接形容词用作宾语补足语。e.g.你让她很生气。Youmadeherangry.理发师把我的头发剪短了Theba
8、rbercutmyhairshort.我觉得教室很空。Ifoundtheclassroomempty.双宾语双宾语由直接宾语（directobject）和间接宾语(indirectobject)组成。直接宾语是谓语动词的承受者，间接宾语表示谓语动作的方向（对谁做）或动作的目标（为谁做）。英语中，有些及物动词可接两个宾语，即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。常用句型：S+V+I.O+D.O一般的句式：verb+sb+sth=verb+sth.+to+sb.这类动词后面的间
