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1、ThePartsofasentence句子成分SubjectandPredicateEverycompletesentencecontainstwoparts:asubjectandapredicate.Thesubjectiswhat(orwhom)thesentenceisabout,whilethepredicatetellssomethingaboutthesubject.主语(subject):是一句的主体,是全句述说的对象,常用名词,数词或代词担任,一般放于句首。谓语:是对主语加以陈述,
2、表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。1.Thesimplesubjectwhenstrippedofallthewordsthatmodifyit,isknownasthesimplesubject.去掉所有的修饰词后剩下的核心词语e.g.Thegreenbookisworthtendollars.2.simplepredicateThesimplepredicateistheparticularwordorwordsthatweusetoexpressaction.Mo
3、difiersarenotpartofit.e.g.Johnwasgoingtothestore.3.CompoundsubjectsandverbsAcompoundsubjectisasubjectthatconsistsoftwoormorewordsconnectedususallybyandoror.e.g.JohnandNancywerethere.Hereads,writesandspeaksFrenchfluently.4.Howtofindthesubjectofasentence
4、Thesubjectofasentenceisneverinaprepositionalphrase.e.g.Neitheroftherivalssurvivedtheduel.Afewofthestudentspasstheexam.1.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregi
5、rls.4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名词)(代词)(数词)(不定式)(动名词)(名词化的形容词)7.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.8.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(主语从句)(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)Compl
6、ements补语(Complement)是一种补足主语和宾语意义的句子成分。一、主语的补语:它用在系动词后,是句子的一个基本成分。常用主-系-表结构e.g.MissLiisateacher.HewascalledoldLi.Hisspeechseemedtiresome.Theskywasdarkblue.二、宾语的补语置于宾语之后补充说明宾语的动作,状态,特征的成分叫做宾语补语(ObjectComplement),宾补可以是名词或形容词。▲1)动词elect,appoint,call,name,m
7、ake,find,leave等后面常接名词用作宾语补足语。e.g.他的父亲给他取名为小明HisfathernamedhimXiaoMing.在会议上,我们选他为班长Atthemeetingweelectedhimmonitor.我们觉得她是个好老师。Weconsiderheragoodteacher.2)动词keep,make,paint,cut,find,consider,wipe等后面常接形容词用作宾语补足语。e.g.你让她很生气。Youmadeherangry.理发师把我的头发剪短了Theba
8、rbercutmyhairshort.我觉得教室很空。Ifoundtheclassroomempty.双宾语双宾语由直接宾语(directobject)和间接宾语(indirectobject)组成。直接宾语是谓语动词的承受者,间接宾语表示谓语动作的方向(对谁做)或动作的目标(为谁做)。英语中,有些及物动词可接两个宾语,即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。常用句型:S+V+I.O+D.O一般的句式:verb+sb+sth=verb+sth.+to+sb.这类动词后面的间