The Modern Middle East

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1、THEMODERNMIDDLEEASTTheModernMiddleEastAPoliticalHistorysincetheFirstWorldWarMEHRANKAMRAVAUNIVERSITYOFCALIFORNIAPRESSBerkeleyLosAngelesLondonUniversityofCaliforniaPressBerkeleyandLosAngeles,CaliforniaUniversityofCaliforniaPress,Ltd.London,England©2005bytheRegentsoftheUniversityofCaliforniaLibraryofCo

2、ngressCataloging-in-PublicationDataKamrava,Mehran,1964–.ThemodernMiddleEast:apoliticalhistorysincetheFirstWorldWar/MehranKamrava.p.cm.Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN0–520-24149-5(alk.paper).—ISBN0–520-24150-9(pbk.:alk.paper)1.MiddleEast—History—20thcentury.I.Title.DS62.8.K3652005956.0

3、4—dc222004008821ManufacturedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica13121110090807060510987654321ThepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimumrequirementsofANSI/NISOZ39.48–1992(R1997)(PermanenceofPaper).ToMelisaandDilaraContentsListofIllustrationsixListofTablesxiAcknowledgmentsxiiiIntroduction1PARTI.APOLITICALHIS

4、TORYOFTHEMIDDLEEAST71.FromIslamtotheGreatWar92.FromTerritoriestoIndependentStates353.TheAgeofNationalism674.TheArab-IsraeliWars1075.TheIranianRevolution1386.TheGulfWarsandBeyond169PARTII.ISSUESINMIDDLEEASTERNPOLITICS2137.ThePalestinian-IsraeliConflict2158.TheChallengeofEconomicDevelopment2579.Statesa

5、ndTheirOpponents28310.TheQuestionofDemocracy33111.ChallengesFacingtheMiddleEast359Notes377Bibliography429Index457IllustrationsFIGURES1.Turkishwomeninalatenineteenth-centuryharem252.WomeninAlgiersinthe1880s483.MustafaKemalAtatürkandRezaShahPahlaviconfer594.FemalemembersoftheIraqiHomeGuardmarchinBaghd

6、ad,1959715.DavidBen-Gurion,thefirstprimeministerofthestateofIsrael776.TelAviv,1948,IsraeliwomentakeanoathtojointheHaganah787.EgyptianwomencelebrateNasser’sannouncementofwomen’srighttovote,1956938.EgyptianboysandgirlsreceivemilitarytrainingduringtheSuezCanalcrisis,1956959.Israelisoldierscelebratecaptu

7、ringJerusaleminthe1967War12010.EgyptiansoldierscelebratecrossingtheSuezCanalinthe1973War13011.AyatollahKhomeini,leaderofIran’sIslamicrevolution15312.TenyearsafterKhomeini’sdeath,hislegacyremainsstrong