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1、WITNESSESTOAWORLDCRISISThispageintentionallyleftblankWitnessestoaWorldCrisisHistoriansandHistoriesoftheMiddleEastintheSeventhCenturyJAMESHOWARD-JOHNSTON13GreatClarendonStreet,OxfordOX26DPOxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford.ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcell
2、enceinresearch,scholarship,andeducationbypublishingworldwideinOxfordNewYorkAucklandCapeTownDaresSalaamHongKongKarachiKualaLumpurMadridMelbourneMexicoCityNairobiNewDelhiShanghaiTaipeiTorontoWithofficesinArgentinaAustriaBrazilChileCzechRepublicFranceGreeceGuatemalaHungaryItalyJapanPolandPo
3、rtugalSingaporeSouthKoreaSwitzerlandThailandTurkeyUkraineVietnamOxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPressintheUKandincertainothercountriesPublishedintheUnitedStatesbyOxfordUniversityPressInc.,NewYork#JamesHoward-Johnston2010ThemoralrightsoftheauthorhavebeenassertedDatabaserigh
4、tOxfordUniversityPress(maker)Firstpublished2010Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthepriorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress,orasexpresslypermittedbylaw,orundertermsagreedwiththeappropriate
5、reprographicsrightsorganization.EnquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethescopeoftheaboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment,OxfordUniversityPress,attheaddressaboveYoumustnotcirculatethisbookinanyotherbindingorcoverandyoumustimposethesameconditiononanyacquirerBritishLibraryCataloguinginPub
6、licationDataDataavailableLibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationDataDataavailableTypesetbySPIPublisherServices,Pondicherry,IndiaPrintedinGreatBritainonacid-freepaperbyCPIAntonyRowe,Chippenham,WiltshireISBN978–0–19–920859–313579108642FormywifeanddaughterThispageintentionallyleftblankPre
7、faceOverfortyyearsago,twofinehistorians,thelateDimitriObolensky,whoselectureswerevirtuoso,notelessperformancesandcarriedhisaudiencesef-fortlesslyovervasttractsofeasternEuropeintheearlymiddleages,andPeterBrown,theguruoflateantiquehistoriansintheanglophoneworld,puttheirheadstogeth
