[日语学习]lexical-functional grammar

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1、Lexical-FunctionalGrammarAFormalSystemforGrammaticalRepresentationKaplanandBresnan,1982ErinFitzgeraldNLPReadingGroupOctober18,2006LFGHistoryDevelopedbyJ.BresnanandR.Kaplaninearly1970’sBelievedChomskyanapproachdoesn’tmodelpsychologicalrealityoflanguageOthermotivations:Supportedinwiderv

2、arietyoflanguagesthanotherformalisms(exnonconfigurationallanguageswith~freewordorder/casemarks)Movementparadoxes:Thathewassickwetalkedabout__fordays.*Wetalkedaboutthathewassickfordays.Wetalkedaboutthefactthathewassickfordays.“Syntaxisnotjuststructure-based”10/18/2006Lexical-Functional

3、GrammarsHowit’sdifferentfromChomskyX’RequiresahigherlevelofmathematicalprecisionSubject,Object,etcconsideredprimitives,notdefinedfrompositionsintreeEmptycategoriesandfunct.projectionsavoidedNomovementUnification-basedLevelsofrepresentationnotstrictlyderivedfromeachotherNotassumedthatp

4、honological,etccontentsarederivedfromsyntacticstructureinanyway.10/18/2006Lexical-FunctionalGrammarsHowit’sdifferentfromHPSGNohierarchicalclassificationtodealwithverticalandhorizontalredundancyLFGfocusesontheprocessingandpsychologicalrealityoflanguageHPSGcombinesallsyntactic,phonologi

5、cal,etcinformationintoasinglelevel10/18/2006Lexical-FunctionalGrammarsGenerativePowerofLFGNotaspowerfulasgeneralrewritingsystemorTuringMachine(LFlanguagesarecontext-sensitive)But,greatergenerativecapacitythanCFG(lowerbound)Allowsanbncn,ωωnon-CFlanguagesSourcesofgenerativepower:Functio

6、nalComposition:HelpsencoderangeoftreepropertiesEqualityPredicate:Enforcesamatchbetweenpropertiesencodedfromdifferentnodes10/18/2006Lexical-FunctionalGrammarsCorrespondenceBetweenLevelsC(onstituent)-structure:variesacrosslanguagesF(unctional)-structure:UniversalpropertiesStructuresaren

7、’tisomorphic,butrelatedbydifferentcorrespondencesstringc-structuref-structurediscoursestructuresemanticstructureφσπδ?10/18/2006Lexical-FunctionalGrammarsC-StructureComposedofTerminalstringsSyntacticcategoriesDominance/precedencerelationsExpressedthroughphrasestructuretreesDeterminedby

8、CFphr