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1、"ASmokingRadiatingDavidAlanXosenbergRuinattheEndOfTwoHours"1DocumentsonAmericanPlansforNuclearWarwiththeSovietUnion,1954-1955IThequestionofhowtheUnitedStateswouldemployitsstockpileofnuclearweaponsintheeventofwarwiththeSovietUnionhasbeenasubjectsurroundedbyconsiderablemystery,specula
2、tion,andcontroversyformorethanthreedecades.DespitetidbitsofinformationprovidedbyDefenseDepartmentreports,testimonytoCongress,andnewsleaks,thebasicpolicyguidance,coursesofaction,andprospectivepointsofattackcontainedin,respectively,theNuclearWeaponsEmploymentPolicy(NUWEP),SingleIntegr
3、atedOperationalPlan(SIOP),andNationalStrategicTargetList(NSTL)remainamongthenation'smostcloselyguardedsecrets.Earlierwarplansandtargetlistsfromasfarbackasthe1940shavebeenkeptclassifiedaswell,inpartbecausetheyprovidecluestocurrenttargetselectioncriteria,strategy,nuclearweapons'effect
4、s,andintelligencesourcesandmethods.Thiscontinuingclassificationofpastandpresentnuclearplanningen-deavorsmakesevaluationofrecentdevelopmentsinnuclearstrategydiffi-cult.TheongoingcontroversyovertheimplicationsofPresidentJimmyCarter'sJuly1980approvalofPresidentialDirective59providesago
5、odillustration.Accordingtoofficialsources,PD-59endorseda"countervailingstrategy"towardtheSovietUnion,designedtodetertheSovietleadershipfromstartinganuclearwarbycounteringwhatAmericanstrategicplannersbelievetobetheobjectivesofcurrentSovietnucleardoctrine.ToconvincetheSovietsthatnouse
6、ofnuclearweapons,"onanyscaleofattackandatanystageofconflict,couldleadtovictory,"thecountervailingstrategymandatedincreasedflexibilityinwarplanning,including"thecontrolleduseofnuclearweapons"inhopesofrestrainingescalation,aswellasincreasedDavidAlanRosenbergisanindependenthistorianand
7、defenseconsultantzuhoiscompletingabookTowardArmageddon:TheFoundationsofAmericanAtomicStrategy1945-1955,andiszurititzgabiographyofAdmiralArleighBurke.InternatiorralSmirity,Winter1981182(Vol.6,No.3)0162-28891821030065-35$02.3010@1982bythePresidentandFellowsofHarvardCollegeandoftheMass
8、achusettsInstituteo
