About being BOLD

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1、BrainResearchReviews50(2005)229–243www.elsevier.com/locate/brainresrevReviewAboutbeingBOLDDineshG.Nair*Palmer127,DepartmentofNeurology,BethIsraelDeaconessMedicalCenter/HarvardMedicalSchool,Boston,MA02215,USAAccepted13July2005Availableonline5October2005AbstractThelastdecadehasseenan

2、unprecedentedincreaseintheuseoffunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging(fMRI)tounderstandtheneuralbasisofcognitionandbehavior.Beingnon-invasiveandrelativelyeasytouse,moststudiesreliedonchangesinthebloodoxygenationleveldependent(BOLD)contrastasanindirectmarkerofvariationsinbrainactivity.H

3、owever,thefactthatBOLDfMRIisdependentonthebloodflowresponsethatfollowsneuralactivityanddoesnotmeasureneuralactivityperseisseenasaninherentcauseforconcernwhileinterpretingdatafromthesestudies.InordertocharacterizetheBOLDsignalcorrectly,itisimperativethatwehaveabetterunderstandingofn

4、euraleventsthatleadtotheBOLDresponse.AreviewofrecentstudiesthataddressedseveralaspectsofBOLDfMRIincludingeventsatthelevelofthesynapse,thenatureoftheneurovascularcoupling,andsomeparametersoftheBOLDsignalisprovided.ThisisintendedtoserveasbackgroundinformationfortheinterpretationoffMR

5、Idatainnormalsubjectsandinpatientswithcompromisedneurovascularcoupling.Oneoftheaimsisalsotoencourageresearcherstointerprettheresultsoffunctionalimagingstudiesinlightofthedynamicinteractionsbetweendifferentbrainregions,somethingthatoftenisneglected.D2005ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved

6、.Theme:NeuralbasisofbehaviorTopic:CognitionKeywords:BOLD;Functionalmagneticresonanceimaging;Neurovascularcoupling;Cerebralbloodflow;NeuralactivationContents1.Introduction...........................................................2302.Atthesiteofneuralactivity.......................

7、...........................2302.1.Neurovascularcouplingandmetabolicevents......................................2302.2.ElectricalactivityandtheBOLDsignal.........................................2333.Spatialresolution........................................................2344.Tempor

8、alresolution..............