Zhuangzi’s Cheng Xin and its Implications for Virtue and Perspectives

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1、Dao(2011)10:427–443DOI10.1007/s11712-011-9236-zZhuangzi’sChengXinanditsImplicationsforVirtueandPerspectivesCHONGKim-chongPublishedonline:18October2011#SpringerScience+BusinessMediaB.V.2011AbstractTheconceptofthechengxinintheZhuangziclaimsthatthecognitive

2、functionoftheheart-mindisnotoverandaboveitsaffectivestatesandinchargeofthemindevelopingandcontrollingvirtue,asassumedbytheConfuciansandothers.Thisjointcognitiveandaffectivenatureoftheheart-minddeniesethicalandepistemiccertainty.Individualperspectivesarel

3、imitedgivenhabitsofthought,attitudes,personalorientationsandparticularcognitive/affectiveexperiences.Nevertheless,theheart-mindhasavastimaginativecapacitythatallowstheopen-endednessandbroadeningofperspectives.KeywordsChengxin.Heart-mind.Autonomy.Virtue.P

4、erspectives1IntroductionThisessaydiscussestheconceptofthechengxin成心intheZhuangzi莊子.Theconceptismentionedinthefollowingpassage:Ifamanfollowshischengxinandmakesithisteacher,thenwhoiswithoutsuchateacher?Whatneedisthereforsomeonewhocomprehendstheprocessesofc

5、hangeonthebasisofhisheart-mind?Evenastupidpersonhashisteacher.Nottohaveestablishedsomethinginyourheart-mindbefore(judging)rightandwrongislikesettingoffforYuetodayandarrivingyesterday.夫隨其成心而師之，誰獨且無師乎?奚必知代而心自取者有之?愚者與有焉。1未成乎心而有是非，是今日適越而昔至也。(Chen1999:56)1Tra

6、nslationsaremyownunlessstatedotherwise.CHONGKim-chong(*)DivisionofHumanities,HongKongUniversityofScienceandTechnology,ClearWaterBay,Kowloon,HongKonge-mail:hmckc@ust.hk428CHONGKim-chongThetermchengmeansthatsomethingis“settled,”“formed,”or“established.”2He

7、nce,tohaveachengxinmeanstohavea“pre-establishedheart-mind.”Inotherwords,somethingisalreadyestablishedinone’sheart-mindpriorto“judgments”aboutrightnessandwrongness.Itisinthisregardthatifweallowthechengxintobeour“teacher”—tobeauthoritative—theneventhestupi

8、dpersonwouldhavesuchanauthority.Thus,theanalogyof“settingoffforYuetodayandarrivingyesterday”meansthataninversiontakesplaceintheprocessofjudgment.Insteadofbeingformedonthebasisofsomepriorevidence(suchasthrough“comprehending