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1、TheMagnaCarta(TheGreatCharter)Preamble:John,bythegraceofGod,kingofEngland,lordofIreland,dukeofNormandyandAquitaine,andcountofAnjou,tothearchbishop,bishops,abbots,earls,barons,justiciaries,foresters,sheriffs,stewards,servants,andtoallhisbailiffsandliegesubjects,greetings.K
2、nowthat,havingregardtoGodandforthesalvationofoursoul,andthoseofallourancestorsandheirs,anduntothehonorofGodandtheadvancementofhisholyChurchandfortherectifyingofourrealm,wehavegrantedasunderwrittenbyadviceofourvenerablefathers,Stephen,archbishopofCanterbury,primateofallEng
3、landandcardinaloftheholyRomanChurch,Henry,archbishopofDublin,WilliamofLondon,PeterofWinchester,JocelynofBathandGlastonbury,HughofLincoln,WalterofWorcester,WilliamofCoventry,BenedictofRochester,bishops;ofMasterPandulf,subdeaconandmemberofthehouseholdofourlordthePope,ofbrot
4、herAymeric(masteroftheKnightsoftheTempleinEngland),andoftheillustriousmenWilliamMarshal,earlofPembroke,William,earlofSalisbury,William,earlofWarenne,William,earlofArundel,AlanofGalloway(constableofScotland),WarenFitzGerold,PeterFitzHerbert,HubertDeBurgh(seneschalofPoitou)
5、,HughdeNeville,MatthewFitzHerbert,ThomasBasset,AlanBasset,Philipd'Aubigny,RobertofRoppesley,JohnMarshal,JohnFitzHugh,andothers,ourliegemen.1.InthefirstplacewehavegrantedtoGod,andbythisourpresentcharterconfirmedforusandourheirsforeverthattheEnglishChurchshallbefree,andshal
6、lhaveherrightsentire,andherlibertiesinviolate;andwewillthatitbethusobserved;whichisapparentfromthisthatthefreedomofelections,whichisreckonedmostimportantandveryessentialtotheEnglishChurch,we,ofourpureandunconstrainedwill,didgrant,anddidbyourcharterconfirmanddidobtainthera
7、tificationofthesamefromourlord,PopeInnocentIII,beforethequarrelarosebetweenusandourbarons:andthiswewillobserve,andourwillisthatitbeobservedingoodfaithbyourheirsforever.Wehavealsograntedtoallfreemenofourkingdom,forusandourheirsforever,alltheunderwrittenliberties,tobehadand
8、heldbythemandtheirheirs,ofusandourheirsforever.2.Ifanyofourearlsorbarons,orothersholdingofusinch
