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时间:2019-07-14
《Policy Guide on Endangered Species and Habitat Protection 2人》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、PolicyGuideonEndangeredSpeciesandHabitatProtectionAdoptedbytheChapterDelegateAssemblyApril25,1999RatifiedbytheAPABoardofDirectorsApril26,1999IssuesProtectingnaturalsystemfunctions(e.g.,waterandairpurification,floodattenuation,speciation,andnutrientrecycling)iscriticaltothesupportofhuman,animal
2、andplantpopulations.Asaresult,itiscriticalthateffortsaremadetoincorporatenaturalresourceprotectionatalllevelsofgovernmentinordertoprotectnaturalcommunitiespriortospeciesortheirhabitatsbecomingendangeredorextinct.Thisconceptofnaturalcommunityplanningshouldbeanintegralandrequiredelementoflocalgo
3、vernmentcomprehensiveplans.Aslocalunitsofgovernmentandstateandfederalagenciesvoluntarilyworktoprotecthabitatsusingtheirauthoritiesintheirareasofjurisdiction,thereisreducedneedforaregulatoryapproach.Equallyimportantarereasonableincentivesforprivatelandownerstoparticipateinlandstewardshipthatwou
4、ldnotonlyprotectnaturalcommunitiesfromfurtherdegradationbutrestoreandenhancethesecommunitiesaswell.LegislationsuchasstateorfederalEndangeredSpeciesActs(ESA)playsanimportantrolebutonlywhentheactionsoffederal,state,andlocalgovernmentsaswellasthepublichavenotadequatelyprotectedecosystemfunctions.
5、AnESAshouldbeviewedasa"safetynet"thatprovidesprotectionasalastresort.Since1983,theESAhasestablishedaprocesstoallowthe"incidentaltake"ofalistedanimalspeciesifaHabitatConservationPlan(HCP)ispreparedtoreducetheadverseimpacts.Since1993,thenumberofHCPsapprovedorpendingapprovalhasskyrocketedprimaril
6、yduetotheimplementationofthe"NoSurprises"policyoftheU.S.FishandWildlifeServiceandNationalMarineFisheriesService.Underthe"NoSurprises"policy,theServicesapproveaHCPwitha"nosurprises"caveatwhichensuresthelandownerthatfurtherrestrictionswillnotbeimposedforthedurationoftheplan—sometimes50or100years
7、—evenifthegovernmentdeterminesthattheHCPhasfailedorwasnotbasedonscientificfacts.WhilethenumberofHCPshasincreaseddramatically,seriousconcernshavebeenraisedastowhetherthis"nosurprises"policyadequatelyprotectslistedspecies.Mostpeopleagreet
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