回中州一剑应无恙海

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1、1CellularBiologySchoolofLifeSciencesShaanxiNormalUniversity1CHAPTER6MITOCHONDRIONANDCHLOROPLAST2I.MitochondrionStructureanddistribution:Usually,mitochondrionislikeaparticleorrodandotherscomposedofproteins(65-70%)andlipids(25-30%)at0.5~1μmdiameterand1.5~3.0μmlength.Themitochondriainthe

2、cellsofpancreascanbe10~20μmatlengthcalledhugemitochondrion.Thenumberofmitochondrioninacellcanbehundredstothousands,andlessinplantcellthaninanimalcellbecauseofchloroplast.Someunicellularorganismcontains500,000mitochondriainside,butmammalianerythrocytescontainnoanymitochondrioninside.Mi

3、tochondrioncanmigrateincellalongmicrotube,andmotorproteinsuppliesenergyforthat.31.OutermembraneOutermembranecontainslipids(40%)andproteins(60%).Therearethehydrophilictunnelscomposedofporinthatallowsthemoleculeslighterthan5KDpassedthrough.2.InnermembraneInnermembranecontainsmorethan100

4、typesofpolypeptidewithalowpermeability.Theelectrontransmissionchainofoxidativephosphorylationislocatedininnermembrane.CytochromeCreductaseisthemarkerenzymeforinnermembrane.Innermembranecanbepleatedintoinsidetoformcristae.Thecristaesenlargetheareaofinnermembraneto5–10folds.Cristaecanbe

5、twotypesofshape:lamellaortube.Elementaryparticlesarelocatedoncristae,andcomposedofheadpart(F1conjugatefactor)andelemantarypart(F0conjugatefactor).F0insertsintoinnermembrane.3.IntermembranespaceItisbetweeninnermembraneandoutermembranewith6-8nmwidth.Adenylatekinaseisthemarkerenzymeforin

6、termembranespace.4PhotoofmitochondrionLamellacritaeInnermembraneOutermembraneIntermembranespace5AmodelstructureofmitochondrionMatrix64.MatrixTheareasurroundedbycristae,intermembranespaceandinnermembrane.Exceptingglycolysis(inplasma),otherbio-oxidationreactionsarecarriedoutinmitochondr

7、ion(inmatrix).Malicdehydrogenase(MDH)isthemarkerenzymeforthematrixofmitochondrion.ThematrixcontainsacompletesystemfortranscriptionandtranslationincludingmitochondrionDNA(mtDNA),70sribosome,tRNA,rRNA,andDNApolymerase.TubecristaeMatrix7ThemoleculebasisofoxidativephosphorylationElectroni

8、cvect